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AA Microbio Semifinal > IB. Medical mycology | 24. Dermatomycosis (causative agents and diseases). > Flashcards

IB. Medical mycology | 24. Dermatomycosis (causative agents and diseases). Flashcards

1
Q

I. Basics
1. What are the major mycoses types of dermatomycosis?

A
  • Superficial mycoses
  • Cutaneous mycoses
  • Subcutaneous mycoses
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2
Q

I. Basics
2. Give a simple definition of Superficial mycoses?

A

infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair

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3
Q

I. Basics
3. Give a simple definition of Cutaneous mycoses?

A

infections involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia

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4
Q

I. Basics
4. Give a simple definition of Subcutaneous mycoses?

A

infections that extend deeper into the epidermis, as well as invasive hair and nail diseases

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5
Q

I. Basics
4. What are Clinical manifestations suggestive of fungal infection?

A
  1. flu-type infection: that has lasted longer than a viral flu
  2. chronic respiratory problem: with weight loss and night sweats
  3. fever of unknown origin: that does not respond to antibacterial agents
  4. any infection with negative bacterial cultures: that does not respond to antibiotics and that does not appear viral
  5. signs of meningitis
  6. exposure to dust with bird or bat guano
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6
Q

I. Basics
5. What are Predisposal factors of fungal infections?

A
  1. diseases causing immunosupression: tumours, AIDS, steroid therapy, diabetes mellitus
  2. trauma: burnt wounds - moulds, stabbed injuries - subcutaneous mycosis
  3. iatrogenic mycosis: during the immunosupression therapy: irradiation, corticosteroid therapy, administration of broad spectrum antibiotics, cytostatic therapy
  4. Nosocomial infections: fungi associated to plastic surfaces (catheters)
  5. „voluntarily risks”: alcoholism, drug abusers, microbiologists, mycologists
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7
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
1. What are the main features of Superficial mycoses?

A
  1. affect the outermost layer of skin and hair
  2. generally do not induce a cellular response to the infection
  3. Superficial cosmetic fungal infections of the skin or hair shaft
  4. No living tissue is invaded
  5. No pathological changes
  6. Patient unaware of infection
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8
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
2. What is the main source of Superficial mycoses?

A

Malassezia species → (Pityriasis versicolor)
- Flaky, discolored patches on chest and back

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9
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
3. What are the features of Malassezia furfur?

A
  1. Yeast
  2. spreading: direct contact, contaminated clothes
  3. rarely may cause an opportunistic fungaemia
  4. Malassezia folliculitis – after sun exposure
  5. is a chronic mild superficial disease of the stratum corneum epidermidis
  6. light-skinned patients: lesions initially pink then pale brown
  7. dark-skinned patients: skin loses colour, becomes depigmented
  8. Occures on trunk, neck, head
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10
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
4. How does Malassezia furfur spread?

A

spreading: direct contact, contaminated clothes

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11
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
5. What are the symptoms by Malassezia furfur in light-skinned and dark-skinned patients?

A
  • Light-skinned patients: lesions initially pink then pale brown
  • dark-skinned patients: skin loses colour, becomes depigmented
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12
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
6. Where does superficial mycoses caused by Malassezia furfur occur?

A

ccures on trunk, neck, haed

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13
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
7. How do we diagnose Superficial mycoses?

A
  • direct microscopic examination of scrapings of infected skin treated with 10-20% KOH
  • „spaghetii and meat balls”
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14
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
8. How do we treat Superficial mycoses?

A
  • selenium sulfide shampoo
  • Ketoconazole, fluconazole – 1-2 weeks
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15
Q

II. Subcutaneous mycosis
1. What are the main features of Subcutaneous mycosis?

A
  1. They are present in soil or on vegetation
  2. traumatic inoculation by contaminated material
  3. in rare cases they become systemic and produce life-threatening disease
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16
Q

II. Subcutaneous mycosis
2. Give an example of Subcutaneous mycosis?

A

Sporotrichosis – typical lymphatic spread with ulceration

17
Q

II. Subcutaneous mycosis
3. What are the treatments for Subcutaneous mycosis?

A
  • local treatment: potassium iodide
  • itraconazole
  • fluconazole
  • amphotericin B
18
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
1. What are the features of Cutaneous mycoses?

A
  1. infect only the superficial keratinized tissue (skin, hair, nails)
  2. most are unable to grow at 37°C or in the presence of serum
  3. 25°C on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar for 2 weeks
  4. infections begin in the skin after trauma and contact
  5. are classified as: geophilic, zoophilic, anthropophilic depending on their usual habitat
19
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
2. Give the classification of cutaneous mycoses?

A

geophilic, zoophilic, anthropophilic depending on their usual habitat

20
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
3A. What are the 2 main Cutaneous mycoses?

A
  1. Dermatophytosis
  2. Candidiasis
21
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
3B. What are the causative organisms of Dermatophytosis?

A
  • Microsporum
  • Trichophyton
  • Epidermophyton
22
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
3C. What are the causative organisms of Candidiasis?

A

ausative organisms: Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, ….

23
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
4A. How does Cutaneous mycoses begin?

A

infections begin in the skin after trauma and contact

24
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
5. What are the risk factors for Cutaneous mycoses?

A

moisture, warmth, specific skin chemistry, composition of sebum, prespiration, youth heavy exposure, genetic predisposition

25
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
6. What is trichophytin?

A

a crude antigen preparation that can be used to detect immediate or delayed type hypersensitivity to dermatophytic antigens
- Trichophyton is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete’s foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia.

26
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
7. What are the features of Geophilic, zoophilic and antropophilic?

A
  1. Geophilic fungus: Inhabit soil where they decompose keratinaceous debris, dead animals
  2. Zoophilic: Parasitic in animals
  3. Antropophilic: Parasitic to man
27
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses - Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)
8A. What is Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)?

A
  1. Tinea pedis is the most prevalent of all dermatophytoses
  2. a chronic infection of the toe webs
  3. Hyperkeratosis of the sole.
  4. There is itching between the toes and the development of small vesicles that rupture and discharge a thin fluid
  5. the skin of the toe webs becomes macerated and peels
    (Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum)
28
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses - Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)
8B. What are the varieties of Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)?

A

other varieties are: the vesicular, ulcerative, and moccasin types, with hyperkeratosis of the sole.

(Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum)

29
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses - Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)
8C. What is the chronic form of Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot)?

A

peeling and cracking of the skin are the principal manifestations, accompanied by pain and pruritus

30
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
9. What is tinea capitis?

A
  1. Microsporum sp.
  2. tinea capitis is dermatophytosis of the scalp and hair
  3. infection of the hair takes place just above the hair root
  4. the infection produces dull gray, circular patches of alopecia, scaling, and itching
  5. in prepubescent children, epidemic tinea capitis is usually self limiting
31
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
10. What is tinea barbae?

A

involves the bearded region - cattle
(Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes)

32
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
11. What is favus?

A

an acute inflammatory infection of the hair follicle caused by T. schoenleinii

33
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
12. What is the treatment for both Tinea capitis (Microsporum sp.) and Tinea barbae (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes)?

A
  • Treatment: scalp infections are treated with griseofulvin
    for 4 - 6 weeks
  • Shampoos and miconazole cream or other topical antifungal agents may be effective if used for weeks
  • Ketoconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine
34
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
9. What are the causative agents of Superficial mycoses?

A
35
Q

II. Subcutaneous mycosis
4. What are the causative agents of Subcutaneous mycosis?

A
36
Q

I. Superficial mycoses
9. What are the causative agents of Superficial mycoses?

A
37
Q

III. Cutaneous mycoses
13. What are the causative agents of subcutaneous mycosis?

A
37
Q

II. Subcutaneous mycosis
4. What are the causative agents of Subcutaneous mycosis?

A

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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