III - A. Virology | 1. Classification of viruses. Principles of virus structure. Chemical composition of viruses Flashcards

1
Q

I. Basics
1. What are viruses?

A
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2
Q

I. Basics
2. Why are viruses Obligate intracellular parasites?

A

Can only survive within a host cell and depends on it for replication and metabolic processes

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3
Q

I. Basics
3. What is the size of viruses?

A

below the resolution of light microscope
=> Size: 20 nm – 400 nm

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4
Q

II. Structure of virus
1. What is virion?

A

extracellular form of a virus

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5
Q

II. Structure of virus
3A. What are the components of viruses?

A
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6
Q

II. Structure of virus
3B. What are the Nucleocapsid Essential components?

A
  • Genome – DNA or RNA
  • Capsid: proteins protecting genome
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7
Q

II. Structure of virus
3C. What is the genome of virus?

A

DNA or RNA

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8
Q

II. Structure of virus
3D. What is caspid?

A

proteins protecting genome

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9
Q

II. Structure of virus
3E. What is the Envelope of virus?

A

Envelope: lipid bilayer
- contains proteins eg. spikes
- not all viruses have envelope

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10
Q

II. Structure of virus - Genome
4A. How do we classify virus based on genome?

A
  1. DNA viruses
  2. RNA viruses (e.g, Retroviruses)
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11
Q

II. Structure of virus - Genome
4B. Make a schematic diagram of major viral families based on genome structure and virion morphology.

A
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12
Q

II. Structure of virus - Genome
4C. What are the features of genome of a virus?

A
  • Double stranded (ds) or single stranded (ss)
  • Linear or circular
  • Segmented NA:
    allows easy recombination – lots of variants
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13
Q

II. Structure of virus - Genome
4D. What are the features of retrovirus?

A

RNA viruses that make a DNA copy of their RNA in the infected cells
=> Reversing the usual direction of NA copy

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14
Q

II. Structure of virus
5. How do virus make protein?

A
  • Viruses need mRNA transcribes from their genome to make the cell synthetize virus proteins
  • Type of NA in their genome will direct how they get to this point
  • RNA viruses need their own RNA polymerase as host cells don’t have such enyzme
  • Viruses will use host cell’s machinery for protein sythesis from these
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15
Q

II. Structure of virus
6. Make a comparison between DNA and RNA viruses?

A
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16
Q

II. Structure of virus - the caspid
7A. What are the features of caspid?

A
17
Q

II. Structure of virus - the caspid
7B. How does caspid determine the shape of viruses?

A
18
Q

II. Structure of virus - the envelope
8A. What are the features of envelope?

A
19
Q

II. Structure of virus - the envelope
8B. What is the main function of the envelope?

A

Function: attachement to cell surface

20
Q

II. Structure of virus - the envelope
8C. Give an example of virus with envelope?

A

Spike proteins

21
Q

II. Structure of virus - the envelope
8D. Make a comparison between enveloped and non-enveloped virus?

A
22
Q

II. Structure of virus
9. What are the viral proteins?

A
  • capsomeres (clusters of polypeptides)
  • enzymes
  • matrix proteins
  • surface glycoproteins
23
Q

III. Classification of viruses
1. How do we classify virus?

A
  • based on nucleic acid type
  • based on host
  • based on morphology
  • Baltimore-classification
24
Q

III. Classification of viruses
2A. How do we classify virus based on nucleic acid?

A
  1. DNA
  2. dsRNA
  3. ssRNA
    a. - ssRNA
    b. +ssRNA ( techniqually an mRNA)
25
Q

III. Classification of viruses
2B. Make a schematic diagram for classification of virus based on nucleic acid

A
26
Q

III. Classification of viruses
3A. What is the basis of Baltimore-classification?

A
27
Q

III. Classification of viruses
3B. Give the Baltimore-classification

A
28
Q

III. Classification of viruses
4. Give the classification of viruses based on host

A
29
Q

III. Classification of viruses
5. Give the classification based on morphology

A

classification based on capsid shape
* helical
* cubical (ikkozahedral)
* binary
* complex