II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 11. Campylobacter, Helicobacter. Vibrio Flashcards
I. Campylobacter sp.
1. What are the important Campylobacter sp.
C. jejuni, C. coli,C. fetus
I. Campylobacter sp.
2. What is the morphology of Campylobacter sp.?
Gram-negative curved rod, monotrichous
I. Campylobacter sp.
3. Describe the cultivation of Campylobacter sp.?
microaerofillic (lower tension of O2, 5% of CO2), 42°C, Skirrow agar
I. Campylobacter sp.
4. What are the features of Campylobacter sp.?
- Zoonosis: poultry, milk, dog
- Infection of small intestine
I. Campylobacter sp.
5. What are virulence factors of Campylobacter sp.?
I. Campylobacter sp.
I. Campylobacter sp.
5. what is the therapy for Campylobacter sp.?
replacement of lost fluid and electrolytes, erythromycin
I. Campylobacter sp.
6. How should we prevent Campylobacter?
proper preparation of food, avoidance of unpasteurized dairy products, preventing contamination of water supply
I. Campylobacter sp.
7. Explain the oxidase and catalase test of Campylobacter sp.?
- Oxidase test: +
- Test: filter paper on microscope slide, add oxidase reagent, add bacteria → + = pink/purple colour - Catalase test: +
I. Campylobacter sp.
8. Look at the figure below and then explain
I. Campylobacter sp.
9. What are the clinical features of Campylobacter sp.
II. Helicobacter
1. What is the important species of Helicobacter
Helicobacter pylori
II. Helicobacter
2. What are the main features of Helicobacter pylori?
- spiral bacterium with flagella
- microaerophilic
II. Helicobacter
3A. What are the virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori
- urease enzyme production→ locally neutralizes stomach acid
- vacuolation toxin (VacA)→ mucous membrane damage
- endotoxin → inflammation
- proteases, mucinase → mucous membrane damage
II. Helicobacter
3B. What is the effect of urease enzyme production?
urease enzyme production→ locally neutralizes stomach acid
II. Helicobacter
3C. What is the effect of vacuolation toxin (VacA)?
mucous membrane damage
II. Helicobacter
4. What is the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori?
- gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis
- adenocarcinoma, MALT-lymphoma (known carcinogenic bacterium!)
II. Helicobacter
5. What is the diagnose of Helicobacter pylori based on?
based on clinical signs and symptoms
- Urea breath test (gold standard)
- sampling: biopsy (gastroscopy), stool
- laboratory
II. Helicobacter
6. What are
II. Helicobacter
6. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on urea breath test (gold standard)?
- patient drinks urea labeled with carbon isotope
- we measure the level of isotope containing carbon-dioxide in the patient’s breath
II. Helicobacter
7. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on sampling?
sampling: biopsy (gastroscopy), stool
II. Helicobacter
8. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on laboratory?
- culturing (Skirrow-medium; rarely)
- rapid antigen stool test, PCR
II. Helicobacter
9. What I s the empirical therapy for Helicobacter
- triple-therapy
- first line: penicillin (amoxicillin) + macrolide (clarithromycin) + PPI for 2 to 3 weeks
III. Vibrio genus
1. What are the important species of Vibrio genus?
- Vibrio cholerae
- V. vulnificus
- V. parahaemolyticus