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AA Microbio Semifinal > II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 11. Campylobacter, Helicobacter. Vibrio > Flashcards

II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 11. Campylobacter, Helicobacter. Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
1. What are the important Campylobacter sp.

A

C. jejuni, C. coli,C. fetus

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2
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
2. What is the morphology of Campylobacter sp.?

A

Gram-negative curved rod, monotrichous

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3
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
3. Describe the cultivation of Campylobacter sp.?

A

microaerofillic (lower tension of O2, 5% of CO2), 42°C, Skirrow agar

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4
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
4. What are the features of Campylobacter sp.?

A
  • Zoonosis: poultry, milk, dog
  • Infection of small intestine
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5
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
5. What are virulence factors of Campylobacter sp.?

A
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6
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.

A
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7
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
5. what is the therapy for Campylobacter sp.?

A

replacement of lost fluid and electrolytes, erythromycin

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8
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
6. How should we prevent Campylobacter?

A

proper preparation of food, avoidance of unpasteurized dairy products, preventing contamination of water supply

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9
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
7. Explain the oxidase and catalase test of Campylobacter sp.?

A
  1. Oxidase test: +
    - Test: filter paper on microscope slide, add oxidase reagent, add bacteria → + = pink/purple colour
  2. Catalase test: +
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10
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
8. Look at the figure below and then explain

A
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11
Q

I. Campylobacter sp.
9. What are the clinical features of Campylobacter sp.

A
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12
Q

II. Helicobacter
1. What is the important species of Helicobacter

A

Helicobacter pylori

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13
Q

II. Helicobacter
2. What are the main features of Helicobacter pylori?

A
  • spiral bacterium with flagella
  • microaerophilic
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14
Q

II. Helicobacter
3A. What are the virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori

A
  • urease enzyme production→ locally neutralizes stomach acid
  • vacuolation toxin (VacA)→ mucous membrane damage
  • endotoxin → inflammation
  • proteases, mucinase → mucous membrane damage
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15
Q

II. Helicobacter
3B. What is the effect of urease enzyme production?

A

urease enzyme production→ locally neutralizes stomach acid

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16
Q

II. Helicobacter
3C. What is the effect of vacuolation toxin (VacA)?

A

mucous membrane damage

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17
Q

II. Helicobacter
4. What is the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori?

A
  1. gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis
  2. adenocarcinoma, MALT-lymphoma (known carcinogenic bacterium!)
18
Q

II. Helicobacter
5. What is the diagnose of Helicobacter pylori based on?

A

based on clinical signs and symptoms
- Urea breath test (gold standard)
- sampling: biopsy (gastroscopy), stool
- laboratory

19
Q

II. Helicobacter
6. What are

19
Q

II. Helicobacter
6. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on urea breath test (gold standard)?

A
  • patient drinks urea labeled with carbon isotope
  • we measure the level of isotope containing carbon-dioxide in the patient’s breath
20
Q

II. Helicobacter
7. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on sampling?

A

sampling: biopsy (gastroscopy), stool

21
Q

II. Helicobacter
8. How should we diagnose Helicobacter based on laboratory?

A
  • culturing (Skirrow-medium; rarely)
  • rapid antigen stool test, PCR
22
Q

II. Helicobacter
9. What I s the empirical therapy for Helicobacter

A
  • triple-therapy
  • first line: penicillin (amoxicillin) + macrolide (clarithromycin) + PPI for 2 to 3 weeks
23
Q

III. Vibrio genus
1. What are the important species of Vibrio genus?

A
  1. Vibrio cholerae
  2. V. vulnificus
  3. V. parahaemolyticus
24
Q

III. Vibrio genus
2A. What are the features of Vibrio cholerae?

A
  • oxidase-positive
  • curved, Gram-negative rod with polar flagellum
  • acid labile (prefers alkaline pH)
25
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2B. What is the source of infection for vibrio cholerae?

A

infected human feces

26
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2C. What is the route of transmission for vibrio cholerae?

A

consumption of water or food contaminated with
infected human feces

27
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2D. What is the pathomechanism for vibrio cholerae?

A

choleratoxin production (rybosilates epithelial chloride channels in
the small intestines → hypersecretion → diarrhoea)

28
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2E. What is the diseases caused by vibrio cholerae?

29
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2F. How should we diagnose Vibrio cholerae?

A

diagnosis: based on clinical signs and symptoms
* sampling: stool
* laboratory: cultivation on TCBS agar (alkalic agar plate)

30
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2G. How should we treat vibrio cholerae

31
Q

III. Vibrio genus - Vibrio cholerae
2H. How should we prevent vibrio cholerae

32
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. vulnificus
3A. What is the source of infection for V. vulnificus?

A

salt water, oysters, sea fish

33
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. vulnificus
3B. What is the route of transmission for V. vulnificus?

A

direct inoculation, consumption of contaminated food

34
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. vulnificus
3C. What are the diseases caused by V. vulnificus?

A

gastroenteritis, wound infections, BSI

35
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. vulnificus
3D. What is the diagnosis for V. vulnificus?

36
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. vulnificus
3E. What is the empirical therapy for V. vulnificus?

A

Cephalosporins, tetracyclins

37
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. parahaemolyticus
4A. What is the source of infection for V. parahaemolyticus?

A

salt water, oysters, sea fish

38
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. parahaemolyticus
4B. What is the transmission route for V. parahaemolyticus?

A

direct inoculation, consumption of contaminated food

39
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. parahaemolyticus
4C. What are the diseases caused by V. parahaemolyticus

A

diseases: gastroenteritis, wound infections
* patomechanism: secretory (heat stable) toxin

40
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. parahaemolyticus
4D. How should we diagnose V. parahaemolyticus?

41
Q

III. Vibrio genus - V. parahaemolyticus
4F. What is the therapy for V. parahaemolyticus?

A

usually rehydration only (supportive treatment)

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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