IA. General microbiology | 9. Antimicrobial drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 targets of drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis?

A
  1. At 30S ribosomal subunit (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
  2. At 50S ribosomal subunit (macrolides, chloramphenicol)
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2
Q

I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
1. What are the 2 drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit?

A
  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Tetracyclines
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3
Q

I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
2. What are the features of Aminoglycosides?

A

○ Bactericidal
○ Streptomycin: against TB
○ Amikacin, Netilmicin: severe system infections
○ Tobramycin, Gentamicin: parenteral or eye drops
○ Neomycin: eye drops
○ Often toxic – deafness or kidney failure

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4
Q

I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
3A. What are the features of Tetracyclines?

A

○ Chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline (Tetran)
○ Inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
○ Very wide spectrum (also for animals)

○ Active against IC bacterial
■ Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia
○ Side effects:
■ Liver failure (pregnancy), kidney failure
■ Accumulation in bones (teeth of children)
■ Severe diarrhoea, mucosal inflammation

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5
Q

I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
3B. What are the side effects of Tetracyclines?

A

■ Liver failure (pregnancy), kidney failure
■ Accumulation in bones (teeth of children)
■ Severe diarrhoea, mucosal inflammation

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6
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
1. List the drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit

A
  1. Chloramphenicol (important)
  2. Macrolides (important)
  3. Streptogramins
  4. Ketolides
  5. Oxazolidinone
  6. Mupirocin
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7
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
2. What are the features of Chloramphenicol?

A

○ Streptomyces venezuelae (Ehrlich)
○ Wide spectrum → dysbacteriosis
○ Today mainly for: typhus abdominalis, amp Haem. influenzae
○ Cheap so found in developing countries
○ Per os, eye drops/ ointments

○ Side effects:
■ Bone marrow malfunction
■ “Grey baby syndrome” in newborns

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8
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
3A. What are the features of Macrolides?

A

○ Inhibit the elongation of peptide chain
○ Higher concentration: become bactericidal

○ Groups:
■ 14 membered ring: erythromycin, clarithromycin
■ 15 membered ring: azithromycin
■ 16 membered ring: josamycin

○ Wide spectrum – streptococci; Bordettella, STD, RTI, H. Pylori, Chlamydia
○ Non-toxic, cheap
○ High resistance

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9
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
3B. What are the groups of Macrolides?

A

○ Groups:
■ 14 membered ring: erythromycin, clarithromycin
■ 15 membered ring: azithromycin
■ 16 membered ring: josamycin

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10
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
4A. What are features and examples of Lincosamides?

A
  • Examples: Clindamycin, lincomycin
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11
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
5. What are examples of Streptogramins?

A

Quinupristin, dalfopristin

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12
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
6. What are examples of Ketolides?

A

Telithromycin

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13
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
7. What are features of examples of Oxazolidinone?

A

E.g, Linezolid, tedizolid

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14
Q

II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
8. What are features and examples of Mupirocin?

A

MRSA decontamination

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