IA. General microbiology | 9. Antimicrobial drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis Flashcards
What are the 2 targets of drugs that inhibit the protein synthesis?
- At 30S ribosomal subunit (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)
- At 50S ribosomal subunit (macrolides, chloramphenicol)
I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
1. What are the 2 drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit?
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
2. What are the features of Aminoglycosides?
○ Bactericidal
○ Streptomycin: against TB
○ Amikacin, Netilmicin: severe system infections
○ Tobramycin, Gentamicin: parenteral or eye drops
○ Neomycin: eye drops
○ Often toxic – deafness or kidney failure
I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
3A. What are the features of Tetracyclines?
○ Chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline (Tetran)
○ Inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNA
○ Very wide spectrum (also for animals)
○ Active against IC bacterial
■ Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia
○ Side effects:
■ Liver failure (pregnancy), kidney failure
■ Accumulation in bones (teeth of children)
■ Severe diarrhoea, mucosal inflammation
I. Drugs that target 30S ribosomal subunit
3B. What are the side effects of Tetracyclines?
■ Liver failure (pregnancy), kidney failure
■ Accumulation in bones (teeth of children)
■ Severe diarrhoea, mucosal inflammation
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
1. List the drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
- Chloramphenicol (important)
- Macrolides (important)
- Streptogramins
- Ketolides
- Oxazolidinone
- Mupirocin
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
2. What are the features of Chloramphenicol?
○ Streptomyces venezuelae (Ehrlich)
○ Wide spectrum → dysbacteriosis
○ Today mainly for: typhus abdominalis, amp Haem. influenzae
○ Cheap so found in developing countries
○ Per os, eye drops/ ointments
○ Side effects:
■ Bone marrow malfunction
■ “Grey baby syndrome” in newborns
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
3A. What are the features of Macrolides?
○ Inhibit the elongation of peptide chain
○ Higher concentration: become bactericidal
○ Groups:
■ 14 membered ring: erythromycin, clarithromycin
■ 15 membered ring: azithromycin
■ 16 membered ring: josamycin
○ Wide spectrum – streptococci; Bordettella, STD, RTI, H. Pylori, Chlamydia
○ Non-toxic, cheap
○ High resistance
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
3B. What are the groups of Macrolides?
○ Groups:
■ 14 membered ring: erythromycin, clarithromycin
■ 15 membered ring: azithromycin
■ 16 membered ring: josamycin
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
4A. What are features and examples of Lincosamides?
- Examples: Clindamycin, lincomycin
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
5. What are examples of Streptogramins?
Quinupristin, dalfopristin
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
6. What are examples of Ketolides?
Telithromycin
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
7. What are features of examples of Oxazolidinone?
E.g, Linezolid, tedizolid
II. Drugs that target 50S ribosomal subunit
8. What are features and examples of Mupirocin?
MRSA decontamination