Ch 5 Flashcards
1
Q
What is rough ER
A
Making proteins for the outside or membrane
2
Q
What is smooth ER
A
Calcium storage, lipid synthesis, and detox
3
Q
What is the golgi apparatus
A
Process, packages, secrete proteins
4
Q
What are peroxisomes
A
Detox
5
Q
What are lysosomes
A
Breakdown molecules
6
Q
What are tissues
A
Cells working together
7
Q
4 types of tissues
A
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
8
Q
What is high cellularity
A
Lots of cells packed together
9
Q
What is apical surface
A
Towards surface
9
Q
Microvilli is
A
Absorbtion
10
Q
Cilia is
A
movement
11
Q
What is epithelial tissue
A
Covers all exposed surface of the body
11
Q
What is basal
A
Towards bottom
12
Q
What is avascularity
A
No blood vessels
12
Q
What is the basement membrane
A
Barrier between epithelium and connective tissue
13
Q
What is extensive innervation
A
Detects changes in environment
14
Q
What is high regeneration capacity
A
Replacement of lost cells
15
Q
3 main functions of epithelial tissues
A
Secretion, absorption, and protection
16
Q
What is simple epithelium
A
One cell layer thick, all have contact in basement membrane
17
Q
What is stratified epithelium
A
Two or more layers, protection
18
Q
What is pseudostratified epithelium
A
Appears layered, but all cells have contact with the basement membrane
19
Q
Where are transitional cells located
A
Bladder, urinary, urethra
20
Q
Where can you find simple squamous epithelium
A
Air sacs and lungs
21
Q
What is simple squamous epithelium
A
Single layer of flat cells, secretion
22
What is adipose tissue
Provides padding and insulation and stores energy in fat
23
What is cardiac muscle
Muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and has intercalated discs
24
What does hyaline cartilage do
Supports and reinforces structure, with a smooth glassy look
25
Where is hyaline cartilage located
Joints and the nose
26
What is stratified squamous epithelium
Has many layers and protects areas exposed to friction
27
Where is stratified squamous epithelium located
Skin and mouth
28
What is neurons
Cells that generate and transmit communication between body parts
29
What are areolar connective tissues
A flexible and loose connective tissue that cushions and supports
30
Where is areolar connective tissue located
Found under epithelia and around organs
31
What is skeletal muscle
Muscle tissue moves bones voluntarily
32
What is bone tissue made of
Calcium and collagen fibers
33
What is bone tissue
Provides structural support and protection
34
What is smooth muscle
Involuntarily muscle tissues found in the walls of hollow organs like stomach or blood vessels
35
What is keratinized?
Top layers of cells dead
36
What is nonkeratinized?
All cells living
37
What structures are in cuboidal epithelium?
Ducts and glands
38
What epithelium has secretion and absorption?
Simple cuboidal and simple columnar
39
What do goblets produce?
Mucin
40
What happens when mucin is mixed with water?
Mucus
41
What function does pseudostratified columnar have?
Protection
42
What does stratified squamous protect against?
Abrasions
43
What are glands?
Cells composed of eptihelial tissue
44
What are endocrine glands?
No ducts; secretes hormones into blood
45
What are exocrine glands?
Have ducts
46
Unicellular exocrine glands have what?
Goblet cell
47
What are acini?
Cells clusters that produce secretions
48
What are secretions?
Substances are produced and discharged from a cell
49
What does a duct look like?
Tube
50
What are simple glands?
One duct
51
What are compound glands?
Multiple ducts
52
What are acinar glands?
Secretory portion wider than duct
53
What are tubular glands?
Secretory potion and duct have same diameter
54
What are merocrine glands?
Vesicles
55
What are apocrine glands?
Apical membrane
56
What are holocrine glands?
Whole cell
57
What are resident cells?
Stuck in place
58
Example of fibroblasts
Jello mold
59
What are wandering cells?
Able to move
60
What are adipocytes?
Fat cells
61
What does cyte mean?
Maintain the matrix
62
What does clast mean?
Breakdown the matrix
63
What does blast mean?
Build up matrix
64
What are mesenchymal cells?
Don't have a job until assigned one
65
What are fixed macrophages?
Utilizes phagocytosis and is cell eating
66
What cells do wandering cells have?
White blood cells
67
What do mast cells do?
Secrete heparin and histamine
68
What do plasma cells do?
Produce antibodies
69
What are neutrophils?
First responders
70
What is T-lymphocytes?
King of immune system
71
What are the 3 types of protein fibers?
Collagen, reticular, elastic
72
What are collagen fibers?
Resist stress in one direction
73
What are reticular fibers?
Structure
74
What are elastic fibers?
They stretch and recoil easily (stain dark)
75
ground substance + protein fibers =
Extracellular matrix
76
What are ground substances?
Sugar protein complex
77
What are GAGS
water follows
78
Where do connective tissues come from?
Mesenchyme
79
What are the three types of connective tissues?
Areolar, adipose, reticular
80
What does higher vascularized mean?
Better chance of healing
81
Functions of fat
Insulation, cushions, energy storage
82
What is dense regular CT?
Resisting stress in one direction; tightly packed
83
What is dense irregular CT?
Resist stress in multiple directions
84
Two types of supporting CT?
Cartilage and bone
85
What is cartilage?
Firm, semisolid extracellular matrix
86
What are lacunae?
Occupies small spaces
87
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
88
What is fibrocartilage?
It resists compression
89
Where is fibrocartilage located?
Intervertebral discs
90
Organic components in the bone
Collagen and glycoproteins
91
Inorganic components in the bone
Calcium salts
92
Two types of bones?
Compact and spongy
93
What are osteocytes?
Bone cells
94
What are osteons?
Cylindrical structures
95
What is houses hemopoietic cells
Make blood cells
96
Two types of fluid CT
Blood and lymph
97
What is plasma
Liquid ground substance
98
What are platelets?
Cellular fragments; help clot blood
99
What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
100
What do intercalated discs do?
Make sure heart cells are communicating with each other
101
What are the 4 types of body membranes?
Mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial
102
What is neurons?
Communicators
103
what are glial cells
Support neurons
103
What are organs?
Multiple tissues working together
103
What does synovial membrane produce?
Produces fluid to reduce friction between moving bodies
104
What does synovial membrane line in the body?
Joints
105
What does cutaneous membrane cover?
Covers external surfaces of the body (skin)
106
What does cutaneous membrane protect?
Protects organs and prevents water loss
107
What does serous membrane line in the body?
Lines body cavities that DO NOT open to the outside environment
108
What does mucous membrane line?
Lines compartments that open to external environments
109
What does serous membrane produce?
Produces watery fluid to reduce friction
110
Where is mucous membrane located?
Digestive and respiratory tracts
