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Flashcards > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is rough ER

A

Making proteins for the outside or membrane

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2
Q

What is smooth ER

A

Calcium storage, lipid synthesis, and detox

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3
Q

What is the golgi apparatus

A

Process, packages, secrete proteins

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4
Q

What are peroxisomes

A

Detox

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5
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Breakdown molecules

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6
Q

What are tissues

A

Cells working together

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7
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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8
Q

What is high cellularity

A

Lots of cells packed together

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9
Q

What is apical surface

A

Towards surface

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9
Q

Microvilli is

A

Absorbtion

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10
Q

Cilia is

A

movement

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11
Q

What is epithelial tissue

A

Covers all exposed surface of the body

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11
Q

What is basal

A

Towards bottom

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12
Q

What is avascularity

A

No blood vessels

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12
Q

What is the basement membrane

A

Barrier between epithelium and connective tissue

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13
Q

What is extensive innervation

A

Detects changes in environment

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14
Q

What is high regeneration capacity

A

Replacement of lost cells

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15
Q

3 main functions of epithelial tissues

A

Secretion, absorption, and protection

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16
Q

What is simple epithelium

A

One cell layer thick, all have contact in basement membrane

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17
Q

What is stratified epithelium

A

Two or more layers, protection

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18
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium

A

Appears layered, but all cells have contact with the basement membrane

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19
Q

Where are transitional cells located

A

Bladder, urinary, urethra

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20
Q

Where can you find simple squamous epithelium

A

Air sacs and lungs

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21
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flat cells, secretion

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22
Q

What is adipose tissue

A

Provides padding and insulation and stores energy in fat

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23
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A

Muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and has intercalated discs

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24
Q

What does hyaline cartilage do

A

Supports and reinforces structure, with a smooth glassy look

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25
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located

A

Joints and the nose

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26
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelium

A

Has many layers and protects areas exposed to friction

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27
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium located

A

Skin and mouth

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28
Q

What is neurons

A

Cells that generate and transmit communication between body parts

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29
Q

What are areolar connective tissues

A

A flexible and loose connective tissue that cushions and supports

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30
Q

Where is areolar connective tissue located

A

Found under epithelia and around organs

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31
Q

What is skeletal muscle

A

Muscle tissue moves bones voluntarily

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32
Q

What is bone tissue made of

A

Calcium and collagen fibers

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33
Q

What is bone tissue

A

Provides structural support and protection

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34
Q

What is smooth muscle

A

Involuntarily muscle tissues found in the walls of hollow organs like stomach or blood vessels

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35
Q

What is keratinized?

A

Top layers of cells dead

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36
Q

What is nonkeratinized?

A

All cells living

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37
Q

What structures are in cuboidal epithelium?

A

Ducts and glands

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38
Q

What epithelium has secretion and absorption?

A

Simple cuboidal and simple columnar

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39
Q

What do goblets produce?

A

Mucin

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40
Q

What happens when mucin is mixed with water?

A

Mucus

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41
Q

What function does pseudostratified columnar have?

A

Protection

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42
Q

What does stratified squamous protect against?

A

Abrasions

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43
Q

What are glands?

A

Cells composed of eptihelial tissue

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44
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

No ducts; secretes hormones into blood

45
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Have ducts

46
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands have what?

A

Goblet cell

47
Q

What are acini?

A

Cells clusters that produce secretions

48
Q

What are secretions?

A

Substances are produced and discharged from a cell

49
Q

What does a duct look like?

50
Q

What are simple glands?

51
Q

What are compound glands?

A

Multiple ducts

52
Q

What are acinar glands?

A

Secretory portion wider than duct

53
Q

What are tubular glands?

A

Secretory potion and duct have same diameter

54
Q

What are merocrine glands?

55
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

Apical membrane

56
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

Whole cell

57
Q

What are resident cells?

A

Stuck in place

58
Q

Example of fibroblasts

A

Jello mold

59
Q

What are wandering cells?

A

Able to move

60
Q

What are adipocytes?

61
Q

What does cyte mean?

A

Maintain the matrix

62
Q

What does clast mean?

A

Breakdown the matrix

63
Q

What does blast mean?

A

Build up matrix

64
Q

What are mesenchymal cells?

A

Don’t have a job until assigned one

65
Q

What are fixed macrophages?

A

Utilizes phagocytosis and is cell eating

66
Q

What cells do wandering cells have?

A

White blood cells

67
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Secrete heparin and histamine

68
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

Produce antibodies

69
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

First responders

70
Q

What is T-lymphocytes?

A

King of immune system

71
Q

What are the 3 types of protein fibers?

A

Collagen, reticular, elastic

72
Q

What are collagen fibers?

A

Resist stress in one direction

73
Q

What are reticular fibers?

74
Q

What are elastic fibers?

A

They stretch and recoil easily (stain dark)

75
Q

ground substance + protein fibers =

A

Extracellular matrix

76
Q

What are ground substances?

A

Sugar protein complex

77
Q

What are GAGS

A

water follows

78
Q

Where do connective tissues come from?

A

Mesenchyme

79
Q

What are the three types of connective tissues?

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

80
Q

What does higher vascularized mean?

A

Better chance of healing

81
Q

Functions of fat

A

Insulation, cushions, energy storage

82
Q

What is dense regular CT?

A

Resisting stress in one direction; tightly packed

83
Q

What is dense irregular CT?

A

Resist stress in multiple directions

84
Q

Two types of supporting CT?

A

Cartilage and bone

85
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Firm, semisolid extracellular matrix

86
Q

What are lacunae?

A

Occupies small spaces

87
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

88
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

It resists compression

89
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located?

A

Intervertebral discs

90
Q

Organic components in the bone

A

Collagen and glycoproteins

91
Q

Inorganic components in the bone

A

Calcium salts

92
Q

Two types of bones?

A

Compact and spongy

93
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Bone cells

94
Q

What are osteons?

A

Cylindrical structures

95
Q

What is houses hemopoietic cells

A

Make blood cells

96
Q

Two types of fluid CT

A

Blood and lymph

97
Q

What is plasma

A

Liquid ground substance

98
Q

What are platelets?

A

Cellular fragments; help clot blood

99
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

100
Q

What do intercalated discs do?

A

Make sure heart cells are communicating with each other

101
Q

What are the 4 types of body membranes?

A

Mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial

102
Q

What is neurons?

A

Communicators

103
Q

what are glial cells

A

Support neurons

103
Q

What are organs?

A

Multiple tissues working together

103
Q

What does synovial membrane produce?

A

Produces fluid to reduce friction between moving bodies

104
Q

What does synovial membrane line in the body?

105
Q

What does cutaneous membrane cover?

A

Covers external surfaces of the body (skin)

106
Q

What does cutaneous membrane protect?

A

Protects organs and prevents water loss

107
Q

What does serous membrane line in the body?

A

Lines body cavities that DO NOT open to the outside environment

108
Q

What does mucous membrane line?

A

Lines compartments that open to external environments

109
Q

What does serous membrane produce?

A

Produces watery fluid to reduce friction

110
Q

Where is mucous membrane located?

A

Digestive and respiratory tracts

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