Ch 5 Flashcards
What is rough ER
Making proteins for the outside or membrane
What is smooth ER
Calcium storage, lipid synthesis, and detox
What is the golgi apparatus
Process, packages, secrete proteins
What are peroxisomes
Detox
What are lysosomes
Breakdown molecules
What are tissues
Cells working together
4 types of tissues
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What is high cellularity
Lots of cells packed together
What is apical surface
Towards surface
Microvilli is
Absorbtion
Cilia is
movement
What is epithelial tissue
Covers all exposed surface of the body
What is basal
Towards bottom
What is avascularity
No blood vessels
What is the basement membrane
Barrier between epithelium and connective tissue
What is extensive innervation
Detects changes in environment
What is high regeneration capacity
Replacement of lost cells
3 main functions of epithelial tissues
Secretion, absorption, and protection
What is simple epithelium
One cell layer thick, all have contact in basement membrane
What is stratified epithelium
Two or more layers, protection
What is pseudostratified epithelium
Appears layered, but all cells have contact with the basement membrane
Where are transitional cells located
Bladder, urinary, urethra
Where can you find simple squamous epithelium
Air sacs and lungs
What is simple squamous epithelium
Single layer of flat cells, secretion
What is adipose tissue
Provides padding and insulation and stores energy in fat
What is cardiac muscle
Muscle tissue contracts involuntarily and has intercalated discs
What does hyaline cartilage do
Supports and reinforces structure, with a smooth glassy look
Where is hyaline cartilage located
Joints and the nose
What is stratified squamous epithelium
Has many layers and protects areas exposed to friction
Where is stratified squamous epithelium located
Skin and mouth
What is neurons
Cells that generate and transmit communication between body parts
What are areolar connective tissues
A flexible and loose connective tissue that cushions and supports
Where is areolar connective tissue located
Found under epithelia and around organs
What is skeletal muscle
Muscle tissue moves bones voluntarily
What is bone tissue made of
Calcium and collagen fibers
What is bone tissue
Provides structural support and protection
What is smooth muscle
Involuntarily muscle tissues found in the walls of hollow organs like stomach or blood vessels
What is keratinized?
Top layers of cells dead
What is nonkeratinized?
All cells living
What structures are in cuboidal epithelium?
Ducts and glands
What epithelium has secretion and absorption?
Simple cuboidal and simple columnar
What do goblets produce?
Mucin
What happens when mucin is mixed with water?
Mucus
What function does pseudostratified columnar have?
Protection
What does stratified squamous protect against?
Abrasions
What are glands?
Cells composed of eptihelial tissue
What are endocrine glands?
No ducts; secretes hormones into blood
What are exocrine glands?
Have ducts
Unicellular exocrine glands have what?
Goblet cell
What are acini?
Cells clusters that produce secretions
What are secretions?
Substances are produced and discharged from a cell
What does a duct look like?
Tube
What are simple glands?
One duct
What are compound glands?
Multiple ducts
What are acinar glands?
Secretory portion wider than duct
What are tubular glands?
Secretory potion and duct have same diameter
What are merocrine glands?
Vesicles
What are apocrine glands?
Apical membrane
What are holocrine glands?
Whole cell
What are resident cells?
Stuck in place
Example of fibroblasts
Jello mold
What are wandering cells?
Able to move
What are adipocytes?
Fat cells
What does cyte mean?
Maintain the matrix
What does clast mean?
Breakdown the matrix
What does blast mean?
Build up matrix
What are mesenchymal cells?
Don’t have a job until assigned one
What are fixed macrophages?
Utilizes phagocytosis and is cell eating
What cells do wandering cells have?
White blood cells
What do mast cells do?
Secrete heparin and histamine
What do plasma cells do?
Produce antibodies
What are neutrophils?
First responders
What is T-lymphocytes?
King of immune system
What are the 3 types of protein fibers?
Collagen, reticular, elastic
What are collagen fibers?
Resist stress in one direction
What are reticular fibers?
Structure
What are elastic fibers?
They stretch and recoil easily (stain dark)
ground substance + protein fibers =
Extracellular matrix
What are ground substances?
Sugar protein complex
What are GAGS
water follows
Where do connective tissues come from?
Mesenchyme
What are the three types of connective tissues?
Areolar, adipose, reticular
What does higher vascularized mean?
Better chance of healing
Functions of fat
Insulation, cushions, energy storage
What is dense regular CT?
Resisting stress in one direction; tightly packed
What is dense irregular CT?
Resist stress in multiple directions
Two types of supporting CT?
Cartilage and bone
What is cartilage?
Firm, semisolid extracellular matrix
What are lacunae?
Occupies small spaces
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
What is fibrocartilage?
It resists compression
Where is fibrocartilage located?
Intervertebral discs
Organic components in the bone
Collagen and glycoproteins
Inorganic components in the bone
Calcium salts
Two types of bones?
Compact and spongy
What are osteocytes?
Bone cells
What are osteons?
Cylindrical structures
What is houses hemopoietic cells
Make blood cells
Two types of fluid CT
Blood and lymph
What is plasma
Liquid ground substance
What are platelets?
Cellular fragments; help clot blood
What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What do intercalated discs do?
Make sure heart cells are communicating with each other
What are the 4 types of body membranes?
Mucous, serous, cutaneous, synovial
What is neurons?
Communicators
what are glial cells
Support neurons
What are organs?
Multiple tissues working together
What does synovial membrane produce?
Produces fluid to reduce friction between moving bodies
What does synovial membrane line in the body?
Joints
What does cutaneous membrane cover?
Covers external surfaces of the body (skin)
What does cutaneous membrane protect?
Protects organs and prevents water loss
What does serous membrane line in the body?
Lines body cavities that DO NOT open to the outside environment
What does mucous membrane line?
Lines compartments that open to external environments
What does serous membrane produce?
Produces watery fluid to reduce friction
Where is mucous membrane located?
Digestive and respiratory tracts