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Flashcards > Anatomy lab - Action Potential > Flashcards

Anatomy lab - Action Potential Flashcards

1
Q

What allows for the action potential to occur?

A

Voltage-gated Na+ channels

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2
Q

What are the two voltaged-gated channels?

A

Na+ and K+

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3
Q

At resting potential, voltage-gated Na+ channels are what?

A

Closed

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4
Q

Conformational changes open voltage-gated channels when the membrane is what?

A

Depolarized

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5
Q

What happens during resting potential?

A

Both voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels are
closed

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6
Q

What is initial depolarization?

A

Some Na+ channels open and if so then the threshold is surpassed and an action potential is initiated.

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7
Q

What happens during the rising phase of action potential?

A

Na+ channels open quickly. K+ channels are still closed.

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8
Q

What happens during the falling phase of action potential?

A

Na+ channels self-inactivate, K+ channels are open.

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9
Q

Why does the membrane potential increase during depolarization of the action potential?

A

The voltage gated Na+ channels are open, but the voltage gated K+ channels have not opened yet.

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10
Q

Why does the membrane potential decrease during hyperpolarization of the action potential?

A

The voltage gated K+ channels open, the voltage gated Na+ channels close.

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11
Q

What does action potential jump from on the axon?

A

Node to node

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12
Q

What wraps around the axon?

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

What does Schwann cells form?

A

myelin sheath

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14
Q

What is the term for the axon terminal?

A

Pre-synapse

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15
Q

What is the term for the middle terminal?

A

Synapse

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16
Q

What is the term for dendrite?

A

Post-synapse

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17
Q

What synapse would likely INCREASE firing the action potential?

A

Excitatory synapses

18
Q

What synapse would likely DECREASE firing the action potential?

A

Inhibitory synapses

19
Q

Excitatory postsynaptic
potential (EPSP)

A

Depolarization, Na+ influx

20
Q

Inhibitory postsynaptic
potential (IPSP)

A

Hyperpolarization, K+
efflux, Cl– influx

21
Q

EPSP + IPSP

A

Depolarization and
hyperpolarization
stimuli applied

22
Q

Avg. mV for resting potential

A

-70

22
Q

What are the 3 types of gates?

A

Closed, active, inactive

23
Q

Avg. mV for threshold potential

A

-55

24
Q

Avg. mV for action potential

A

+30

25
Q

When neurons transmit electrical signals what can vary?

A

Frequency

26
Q

In a neuron, what is the structure that separates ions?

A

Membrane

27
Q

The intercellular environment of a neuron is more what?

A

Negative relative to the outside of the cell.

28
Q

The extracellular environment is more what?

A

Positive relative to the inside of the cell.

29
Q

Which ions are in the intracellular space of a neuron?

A

Potassium

30
Q

Which ions are in the extracellular space outside a neuron?

A

Sodium

31
Q

What are the 3 types of ion channels?

A

Voltage-gated channel, mechanically-gated channel, ligand-gated channel

32
Q

How do you generate an action potential in a neuron?

A

To depolarize its resting neurons.

33
Q

What is the ion responsible for depolarization of the neuron?

A

Sodium ions

34
Q

What is the ion responsible for repolarization of the cell membrane?

A

Potassium

35
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

The gaps in the myelin sheath of a neurons

36
Q

Myelin sheath

A

The structure that affects the transmission speed of an action potential

37
Q

What is the cell body?

A

The cells life support center

38
Q

What is a dendrite?

A

Receive messages from other cells

39
Q

What is the axon?

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons

40
Q

What is a neural impulse?

A

Action potential; electrical signal traveling down the axon

41
Q

What is the terminal branches of axon?

A

Form junctions with other cells

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