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Flashcards > Ch 2 pt 1 > Flashcards

Ch 2 pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

Forms of matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

Example of solid

A

Bone

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4
Q

Example of liquid

A

Blood

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5
Q

Example of gas

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

What is atom?

A

Basic unit of an element; smallest particle

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7
Q

What is the symbol O?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

What is the symbol C?

A

Carbon

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9
Q

What is the symbol H?

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

What is the symbol N?

A

Nitrogen

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11
Q

What is the symbol Ca?

A

Calcium

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12
Q

What is the symbol P?

A

Phosphorus

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13
Q

What is the symbol S?

A

Sulfur

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14
Q

What is the symbol K?

A

Potassium

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15
Q

What is the symbol Na?

A

Sodium

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16
Q

What is the symbol Cl?

A

Chlorine

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17
Q

What is the symbol Fe?

A

Iron

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18
Q

What is the symbol Mg?

A

Magnesium

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19
Q

Charge on Neutron

A

No charge

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20
Q

Charge on Proton

A

Positive charge

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21
Q

Charge on Electron

A

Negative charge

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22
Q

Proton number=

A

Atomic number

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22
Q

Neutron number=

A

Atomic mass - atomic number

23
Q

Electron number=

A

Proton number

24
Q

Isotopes

A

Are different atoms of the same element

25
Q

Isotopes have the same number of what?

A

Protons and electrons

25
Q

Isotopes have different what?

A

Atomic masses

25
Q

Isotopes have the identical what?

A

Chemical characteristics

26
Q

Physical half-life

A

The time for 50% of radioisotope to become stable

26
Q

Radioisotopes

A

Same chemical element with different masses; excess neutrons so unstable

27
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

Organized into columns based on number electrons in outer shell.

27
Q

Biological half-life

A

The time required for half of the radioactive material from a test to eliminated from the body

27
Q

Octet rule

A

Elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to obtain complete outer shells with eight electrons

28
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Ionic compounds are structures composed of ions held together in a lattice

29
Q

Ions

A

Atom with a pos. or neg. charge and loss or gain an electron

30
Q

Lose a e-

A

Cation

31
Q

Give/take e-

A

Ionic

32
Q

Gain a e-

A

Anion

33
Q

Cation are ions with a

A

Positive charge

34
Q

Anions are ions with a

A

Negative charge

35
Q

Cations and anions bound by

A

Electrostatic forces

36
Q

Covalently bonded molecule

A

Electrons shared between atoms of two or more different elements.

37
Q

Molecular and structural formula

A

Indicates number and types of atoms

38
Q

What are isomers?

A

Same chemical formula but different structure

39
Q

C6 H12 O6

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

40
Q

Formed commonly in human body using

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)

41
Q

Single covalent bond

A

One pair of electrons shared (2 layers)

42
Q

Double covalent bond

A

Two pair of electrons shared (4 layers)

43
Q

Triple covalent bond

A

3 pair of electrons shared (6 layers)

44
Q

How many electrons does carbon need to satisfy octet rule?

A

4

45
Q

Electronegativity

A

Relative attraction of each atom for electrons

46
Q

Nonpolar covalent bond

A

Two atoms of same element have equal attraction for electrons

47
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Sharing of electrons unequally

48
Q

More electronegative atom develops a partial

A

Negative charge

49
Q

Less electronegative atom develops a partial

A

Positive charge

49
Q

Amphipathic molecules

A

Large molecules with polar and nonpolar regions

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