Ch 2 pt 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is matter?
A
Has mass and occupies space
2
Q
Forms of matter
A
Solid, liquid, gas
3
Q
Example of solid
A
Bone
4
Q
Example of liquid
A
Blood
5
Q
Example of gas
A
Oxygen
6
Q
What is atom?
A
Basic unit of an element; smallest particle
7
Q
What is the symbol O?
A
Oxygen
8
Q
What is the symbol C?
A
Carbon
9
Q
What is the symbol H?
A
Hydrogen
10
Q
What is the symbol N?
A
Nitrogen
11
Q
What is the symbol Ca?
A
Calcium
12
Q
What is the symbol P?
A
Phosphorus
13
Q
What is the symbol S?
A
Sulfur
14
Q
What is the symbol K?
A
Potassium
15
Q
What is the symbol Na?
A
Sodium
16
Q
What is the symbol Cl?
A
Chlorine
17
Q
What is the symbol Fe?
A
Iron
18
Q
What is the symbol Mg?
A
Magnesium
19
Q
Charge on Neutron
A
No charge
20
Q
Charge on Proton
A
Positive charge
21
Q
Charge on Electron
A
Negative charge
22
Q
Proton number=
A
Atomic number
22
Q
Neutron number=
A
Atomic mass - atomic number
23
Q
Electron number=
A
Proton number
24
Isotopes
Are different atoms of the same element
25
Isotopes have the same number of what?
Protons and electrons
25
Isotopes have different what?
Atomic masses
25
Isotopes have the identical what?
Chemical characteristics
26
Physical half-life
The time for 50% of radioisotope to become stable
26
Radioisotopes
Same chemical element with different masses; excess neutrons so unstable
27
What is a valence shell?
Organized into columns based on number electrons in outer shell.
27
Biological half-life
The time required for half of the radioactive material from a test to eliminated from the body
27
Octet rule
Elements tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to obtain complete outer shells with eight electrons
28
What are ionic bonds?
Ionic compounds are structures composed of ions held together in a lattice
29
Ions
Atom with a pos. or neg. charge and loss or gain an electron
30
Lose a e-
Cation
31
Give/take e-
Ionic
32
Gain a e-
Anion
33
Cation are ions with a
Positive charge
34
Anions are ions with a
Negative charge
35
Cations and anions bound by
Electrostatic forces
36
Covalently bonded molecule
Electrons shared between atoms of two or more different elements.
37
Molecular and structural formula
Indicates number and types of atoms
38
What are isomers?
Same chemical formula but different structure
39
C6 H12 O6
Glucose, fructose, galactose
40
Formed commonly in human body using
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)
41
Single covalent bond
One pair of electrons shared (2 layers)
42
Double covalent bond
Two pair of electrons shared (4 layers)
43
Triple covalent bond
3 pair of electrons shared (6 layers)
44
How many electrons does carbon need to satisfy octet rule?
4
45
Electronegativity
Relative attraction of each atom for electrons
46
Nonpolar covalent bond
Two atoms of same element have equal attraction for electrons
47
Polar covalent bond
Sharing of electrons unequally
48
More electronegative atom develops a partial
Negative charge
49
Less electronegative atom develops a partial
Positive charge
49
Amphipathic molecules
Large molecules with polar and nonpolar regions
