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Flashcards > ch 2 pt 3 > Flashcards

ch 2 pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is molarity?

A

Alters with changes in temperature

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2
Q

What is molality?

A

Does not alter with changes in temperature

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3
Q

What are osmoles?

A

The number of particles in a solution

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4
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Number of particles in a 1 liter solution

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5
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Number of particles in 1 kg of water

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6
Q

What is biological macromolecules?

A

Large organic molecules synthesized by the body

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7
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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8
Q

POH

A

Phosphate

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9
Q

COOH

A

Carboxyl

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10
Q

OH

A

Hydroxyl

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11
Q

NH2

A

Amine

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12
Q

Example of monomers

A

Lego

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13
Q

What is isomers?

A

Same formula different structure

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14
Q

Example for polymers

A

Lego building

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15
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made of monomers

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16
Q

Carbohydrates contain what?

A

Monosaccharide monomers

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17
Q

Nucleic acid contains what?

A

Nucleotide monomers

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18
Q

Proteins contain what?

A

Amino acid monomers

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19
Q

When does dehydration synthesis occur?

A

Occurs during the synthesis of biomolecules

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20
Q

When does hydrolysis occur?

A

Occurs during the breakdown of biomolecules (water is used)

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21
Q

What are lipids?

A

Diverse group of fatty, water-insoluble molecules

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22
Q

Phospholipids is the

A

Cell membrane

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23
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

Store energy, cellular membrane components, hormones

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24
Q

Four primary classes of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids

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25
Q

Triglycerides is

A

Body fat

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26
Q

Steroids is

A

4 carbon rings

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27
Q

Eicosanoids is

A

Signal messengers

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28
Q

Triglycerides are used for?

A

Long-term energy storage

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29
Q

Saturated fats are

A

Single bonds

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30
Q

Unsaturated fats are

A

One double bond

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31
Q

Polyunsaturated fats are

A

Two or more double bonds

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32
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

Formation of triglycerides when excess nutrients exist

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33
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

Breakdown of triglycerides when nutrients are needed

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34
Q

What is phospholipids?

A

Amphipathic molecules, cell membranes

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35
Q

Form hydrophilic head

A

Glycerol, phosphate and organic groups are polar

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36
Q

Form hydrophobic tails

A

Fatty acid group is nonpolar

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37
Q

What are steroids?

A

4 carbon rings, 3 hexa and 1 penta

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38
Q

What are eicosanoids?

A

20-carbon fatty acids and cell signals

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39
Q

What does local signaling molecules do?

A

Tell cells what to do

40
Q

Most animal fats are

A

Saturated

41
Q

Partial hydrogenation may lead to

A

Trans fats

42
Q

Most vegetable fats are

A

Unsaturated

43
Q

G+G

A

Matose

43
Q

Chemical formula for carbohydrates

A

(CH2O)n

44
Q

G+Ga

A

Lactose

45
Q

What is glucose?

A

Most common monosaccharide and supplies energy to cells

45
Q

G+F

A

Sucrose

46
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Glycogen and starch

47
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Liver and skeletal muscle store excess glucose

48
Q

What does nucleic acid do?

A

Store and transfer genetic information

49
Q

What does neo mean?

A

New

49
Q

What does gluco mean?

A

Glucose

50
Q

What does genesis mean?

A

Create

51
Q

Two classes of nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

52
Q

Carbohydrates ratio

A

1:2:1

53
Q

Lipids ratio

A

No ratio

54
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic

55
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic

56
Q

What are the monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose (isomers)

56
Q

Chemical formula for lipids

A

CHO

57
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Single-ring bases

58
Q

3 components of nucleotide monomers

A

Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

59
Q

Purines

A

Double-ring bases

60
Q

A is (DNA)

A

T

61
Q

A is (RNA)

A

U

61
Q

C is (DNA)

A

G

62
Q

What is deoxyribonucleic acid?

A

Double-stranded nucleic acid

62
Q

C is (RNA)

A

G

62
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

Chemical energy within cell

62
Q

T is (RNA)

A

A

63
Q

What is ribonucleic acid?

A

Single-stranded nucleic acid

64
Q

General protein structure

A

C, H, COOH, NH2, R group

65
Q

What is glycoproteins?

A

Sugar protein complex

66
Q

What are peptide bonds?

A

Amino acids are covalently linked

67
Q

Between 3 and 20 amino acids

A

Oligopeptide

68
Q

Between 21 and 199 amino acids

A

Polypeptide

69
Q

More than 200 amino acids

A

Protein

70
Q

Hate water

A

Nonpolar amino acids

71
Q

What do nonpolar amino acids contain?

A

R groups with hydrogen or hydrocarbons

72
Q

Love water

A

Polar and charged amino acids

73
Q

What do charged amino acids contain?

A

R groups with a negative or a positive charge

73
Q

What do polar amino acids contain?

A

R groups with other elements besides hydrogen or hydrocarbons

74
Q

What is proline?

A

Can cause a bend in the protein chain

74
Q

What is methionine?

A

First amino during protein synthesis

75
Q

Example of primary structure

A

Beads on a string

76
Q

What is conformation?

A

Three-dimensional shape of the protein and is the primary structure

77
Q

Hydrophobic interactions

A

Nonpolar

78
Q

Ionic bond interactions

A

Between negative and positive R groups

79
Q

Hydrogen bonds interaction

A

Polar interaction

80
Q

Globular proteins are

A

Functional

81
Q

Fibrous protein are

A

Structural

82
Q

What are prosthetic groups?

A

Nonprotein structures covalently bonded to protein

83
Q

What is denaturation?

A

Once you change the structure you can’t go back

84
Q

Ways you can change the protein

A

PH, temperature, radiation, chemicals

85
Q

If you change the structure, you change what?

A

The function

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