ch 2 pt 2 Flashcards
Sharing e-
covalent
Sharing e- unequally
Polar
Sharing e- equally
Non-polar
Hydrophilic
polar
Hydrophobic
non-polar
Hydro stands for what?
water
Philic stands for what?
loving
What does Intermolecular attractions do?
Weak chemical attractions between molecules
Why are intermolecular attractions important?
They shape complex molecules
Examples of intermolecular attractions
DNA and proteins
Hydrogen bonds form from what?
Polar molecules
Hydrogen bonds individually are what?
weak
Hydrogen bonds together are what?
Strong
What influences how water molecules behave?
hydrogen bonds
Example of hydrophobic interactions
oil and water
What are hydrophobic interactions?
Nonpolar molecules placed in a polar substance
How much of the body is water weight?
2/3
3 phases of water
gas, liquid, solid
4 functions of liquid water
transport, lubricates, cushions, excretes waste
Example of transport
water
Example of lubricates
surous fluid
Example of cushions
water in cells
Example of excretes waste
urine
Adhesion
water stick to other substances
Surface tension
force doesn’t break, floats on top of water
Cohesion
water sticks to itself
Specific heat
Water has a high specific heat due to energy needed to break hydrogen bonds
What is kinetic energy?
Form of energy by motion.
What are solutes?
What’s being dissolved
Heat of vaporization
How much heat is needed from a liquid to a gas
Water is called what because most substances dissolve in it?
Universal solvent
What is water of the body?
Solvent
What are solvent?
What’s doing the dissolving
What conducts currents?
Electrolytes
What is hydration shell?
When water surrounds substances
What is hydrophobic exclusion?
Cohesive water molecules “force out” nonpolar molecules
What does phobic stand for?
Fearing
Hydrophobic interaction does what?
Excludes molecules
Whats the point of carrier proteins?
To get from one part of the body to another
Amphipathic molecules have what region?
Both polar and nonpolar
Phospholipid molecules are
amphipathic
Polar heads have contact with what?
Water
Water spontaneously dissociates to form what?
ions
How long is the ph scale
14
pH values of acid
0-6
pH values of base
8-14
pH value 7 is
neutral (water)
The greatest H+ and strong acid is
0
The strong base is on the pH value is
14
Give H+
Acid
Absorb H+
Base
As H+ concentration increases, pH
decreases
As H+ concentration decreases, pH
increases
What is the pH value for human blood?
7.35-7.45
pH value is what?
10 fold change
Neutralization
Returns to neutral (pH 7)
What does buffers do?
Helps prevent pH changes if excess acid or base is added
What are mixtures?
Combining two or more substances together
3 categories of water mixtures
suspension, colloid, solution
Suspension motion
does not remain mixed unless in motion
Colloid motion
remains mixed even not in motion
Solution motion
does not settle if solution is not in motion
Which water mixtures does not scatter light?
solution
What is emulsion?
When a polar and nonpolar interaction won’t mix
