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Flashcards > ch 13 overview of brain anatomy > Flashcards

ch 13 overview of brain anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major brain regions?

A

Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

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2
Q

Three types in Diencephalon region.

A

Hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus

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3
Q

Gyri =

A

Ridges

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4
Q

Sulci =

A

Depressions between ridges

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5
Q

Fissures =

A

Deep sulci

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6
Q

Anterior =

A

Rostral

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7
Q

Folds allow brain to fit within what?

A

Cranial cavity

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7
Q

Posterior =

A

Caudal

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8
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Folding process in vertebrate embryos, begins third week

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8
Q

What is gray matter made of?

A

Made of neuron cell bodies, glial cell, and unmyelinated axons

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9
Q

What is cortex?

A

The superficial layer of gray matter

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10
Q

What makes the color of gray matter?

A

Nissl bodies, Rough ER

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11
Q

CNS - cell bodies

A

Nuclei

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12
Q

CNS - Axons

A

Tracts

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13
Q

PNS - Cell bodies

A

Ganglion

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14
Q

PNS - Axons

A

Nerves

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15
Q

What are cranial meninges?

A

Three connective tissue layers

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16
Q

What are the 3 meninges?

A

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

17
Q

What is pia mater?

A

Innermost of the meninges; surrounds the brain

18
Q

What is arachnoid mater?

A

Lies external to pia mater

19
Q

What tissue is pia mater?

A

Areolar connective tissue

20
Q

What is subarachnoid space?

A

Contains CSF

21
Q

What is dura mater?

A

Tough, outer membrane

22
Q

What is the tissue for dura mater?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

23
Q

What is the function for dense irregular CT?

A

Resists stretch in multiple directions

24
Q

What is epidural space?

A

Potential space between dura and skull

25
Q

What is cranial dural septa?

A

Sheets of dura mater and provide support

26
Q

What is falx cerebelli?

A

Separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres

27
Q

What is tentorium cerebelli?

A

Separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum

28
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Spaces, contains CSF, connects with each other

29
Q

What does aperture do?

A

Allows CSF to get out of the circulation and goes around the spinal cord and brain

30
Q

What is CSF?

A

Clear, colorless liquid surrounding CNS

31
Q

What are the functions of CSF?

A

Reduces brains weight by 95%, provides liquid cushioning, transports nutrients/wastes

32
Q

Where does CSF come from?

A

Blood plasma

32
Q

What forms CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

33
Q

What makes blood-brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

34
Q

What are the functions of blood-brain barrier?

A

Regulates which substances enter and helps prevent neuron exposure

35
Q

Primary brain vesicles (4th week)

A

Prosencephalon (midbrain), Mesencephalon (midbrain), Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

36
Q

Secondary brain vesicles (5th week)

A

Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon

37
Q

Structure of Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum

38
Q

Structure of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

39
Q

Structure of Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

40
Q

Structure of Metencephalon

A

Pons and Cerebellum

41
Q

Structure of Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

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