ch 13 overview of brain anatomy Flashcards
What are the 4 major brain regions?
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
Three types in Diencephalon region.
Hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus
Gyri =
Ridges
Sulci =
Depressions between ridges
Fissures =
Deep sulci
Anterior =
Rostral
Folds allow brain to fit within what?
Cranial cavity
Posterior =
Caudal
What is neurulation?
Folding process in vertebrate embryos, begins third week
What is gray matter made of?
Made of neuron cell bodies, glial cell, and unmyelinated axons
What is cortex?
The superficial layer of gray matter
What makes the color of gray matter?
Nissl bodies, Rough ER
CNS - cell bodies
Nuclei
CNS - Axons
Tracts
PNS - Cell bodies
Ganglion
PNS - Axons
Nerves
What are cranial meninges?
Three connective tissue layers
What are the 3 meninges?
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
What is pia mater?
Innermost of the meninges; surrounds the brain
What is arachnoid mater?
Lies external to pia mater
What tissue is pia mater?
Areolar connective tissue
What is subarachnoid space?
Contains CSF
What is dura mater?
Tough, outer membrane
What is the tissue for dura mater?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What is the function for dense irregular CT?
Resists stretch in multiple directions
What is epidural space?
Potential space between dura and skull
What is cranial dural septa?
Sheets of dura mater and provide support
What is falx cerebelli?
Separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres
What is tentorium cerebelli?
Separates occipital and temporal lobes from cerebellum
What are ventricles?
Spaces, contains CSF, connects with each other
What does aperture do?
Allows CSF to get out of the circulation and goes around the spinal cord and brain
What is CSF?
Clear, colorless liquid surrounding CNS
What are the functions of CSF?
Reduces brains weight by 95%, provides liquid cushioning, transports nutrients/wastes
Where does CSF come from?
Blood plasma
What forms CSF?
Choroid plexus
What makes blood-brain barrier?
Astrocytes
What are the functions of blood-brain barrier?
Regulates which substances enter and helps prevent neuron exposure
Primary brain vesicles (4th week)
Prosencephalon (midbrain), Mesencephalon (midbrain), Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Secondary brain vesicles (5th week)
Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephalon, Myelencephalon
Structure of Telencephalon
Cerebrum
Structure of Diencephalon
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus
Structure of Mesencephalon
Midbrain
Structure of Metencephalon
Pons and Cerebellum
Structure of Myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata