Ch 17 endocrine pt 1

Question 1

What are hormones?

Answer 1

Released into the blood and transported throughout the body

Question 2

What are ligands?

Answer 2

Chemical messengers

Question 3

Hormones bind to what?

Answer 3

To target cells receptors

Question 4

Functions of the endocrine system

Answer 4

Regulating development, growth, metabolism, maintaining homeostasis of blood volume and concentrations

Question 5

What are the endocrine organs?

Answer 5

Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands

Question 6

What is a hormonal stimulation?

Answer 6

Releases its hormone when other one bind to it

Question 7

What is a humoral stimulation?

Answer 7

Releases hormone when a change in the blood occurs

Question 8

What is nervous stimulation?

Answer 8

Talks to certain tissues to release hormone

Question 9

Steroids are what?

Answer 9

Lipid-soluble molecules

Question 10

What are biogenic amines?

Answer 10

Modified amino acids and water soluble except TH.

Question 11

What are proteins?

Answer 11

Water-soluble chains of amino acids and lots of hormones

Question 12

What is autocrine stimulation?

Answer 12

Communicate with same cells

Question 13

What is paracrine stimulation?

Answer 13

Communicate with neighboring cells

Question 14

What are prostaglandins?

Answer 14

Stimulate pain and inflammatory responses

Question 15

What are eicosanoids?

Answer 15

A 20-carbon chain formed by a fatty acid.

Question 16

Lipid-soluble hormones use what?

Answer 16

Carrier molecules

Question 17

What is a bound hormone?

Answer 17

Bound to a carrier

Question 18

What is unbound hormone?

Answer 18

Able to exit blood and bind to target cell receptors

Question 19

What is a half-life in a hormone?

Answer 19

Time necessary to reduce a hormones concentration to half of its original level

Question 20

What are the results of a hormone-response element of DNA.

Answer 20

Results in a mRNA and translates to a protein

Question 21

What is the first messenger?

Answer 21

Hormones and binds to receptors

Question 22

What is activated by the binding of a hormone to a receptor?

Answer 22

Hormone-receptor complex

Question 23

What does G protein activation split into?

Answer 23

Adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C

Question 24

What does the activated enzyme catalyze form?

Answer 24

Second messenger

Question 25

What is a second messenger?

Answer 25

A chemical that modifies cellular activity

Question 26

What do enzymes do?

Answer 26

Speed up reactions