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Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP?

A

The energy currency of cells

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2
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy of motion

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4
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy stored in bonds

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5
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

How neurons communicate

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6
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

How our muscles move

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7
Q

What is sound energy?

A

Sound waves

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8
Q

What is radiant energy?

A

What we see

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9
Q

What are thermodynamics?

A

Study of energy transformations

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10
Q

What is heat energy?

A

Waste of all the chemical reactions

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11
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

We can take it and convert it

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12
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Lose some energy to heat

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13
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Reduction reaction

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14
Q

Oxidized during oxidation

A

Structure that loses an electron

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15
Q

Reduced during reduction

A

Structure that gains an electron

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16
Q

High energy molecule

A

NADH

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17
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Putting energy out; breaking things down

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18
Q

Endergonic reactions

A

Putting energy in

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19
Q

What is the reaction rate?

A

How long does it take for a reaction to happen

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20
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Amount of energy you need for a reaction to happen

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21
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Catalysts within the body lower the amount of activation energy needed

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22
Q

No enzyme present

A

Uncatalyzed

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23
Q

Enzyme present

A

Catalyzed; speed up

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24
Q

What are cofactors?

A

Ions required to ensure a reaction occurs

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25
Q

Organic cofactors called

A

Coenzymes

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26
Q

Example of coenzymes

A

Vitamins

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27
Q

Enzymes are important for what?

28
Q

Active site

A

Structure in protein chain need to be specific

29
Q

Location of enzymes

A

Are everywhere

30
Q

What happens during transferase?

31
Q

What does pyruvate dehydrogenase do?

A

Transfers hydrogen from pyruvate

32
Q

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

Helps form DNA

33
Q

What does lactase do?

A

Digests lactose

34
Q

Rate of a chemical reaction may be accelerated by

A

Increase in enzyme or substrate concentration

35
Q

What is saturation?

A

So much substrate is present all enzymes are in engaged in reaction

36
Q

Human enzymes function at

A

Optimal temperature (98.6)

37
Q

Types of intramolecular interactions

A

Hydrophobic, H-bonds, Ionic bonds, Disulfide

38
Q

Enzymes functions best at

A

Optimal pH (6 and 8)

39
Q

What are inhibitors?

A

Prevent an enzyme from doing its job

40
Q

What are competitive inhibitors?

A

Competing for the active site

41
Q

What are noncompetitive inhibitors?

A

Go to the allosteric site

42
Q

What is metabolic pathway?

A

Series of enzymes

43
Q

What is multienzyme complex?

A

Group of attached enzymes

44
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

Adding a phosphate

45
Q

What is dephosphorylation?

A

Removing a phosphate

46
Q

Preformed by protein kinases

A

Phosphorylation

47
Q

Preformed by phosphatases

A

Dephosphorylation

48
Q

What is metabolic?

A

Sum of all chemical reactions

49
Q

What is ATP?

A

An energy-carrying molecule that fuels all living cells.

50
Q

What is required to make ATP?

51
Q

C6 H12 O6

52
Q

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ->

A

6 CO2 + 6 H20

53
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

ATP formed from phosphorylation of ADP.

54
Q

What is required in the location of glucose oxidation?

A

20 different enzymes

55
Q

What is cytosol?

A

Semifluid cell contents of the cell

56
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Double bond organelle

57
Q

Stages of glucose oxidation

A

Glycolysis, intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport system

58
Q

Occurs in cytosol, does not require oxygen

A

Glycolosis

59
Q

Occurs in mitochondria, require oxygen

A

Intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport system

60
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Determines what goes in and what goes out

61
Q

If sufficient 02 available

A

Pyruvate enters mitochondria

62
Q

If insufficient 02 available

A

Pyruvate converted to lactate

63
Q

What is electron transport system?

A

We get ATP from NADH and FADH2

64
Q

Formed during one citric acid cycle

A

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

65
Q

What is insufficient oxygen?

A

Didn’t utilize oxygen and everything starts shutting down

66
Q

What do fatty acids do?

A

Utilizes CoA and this enters pathway at citric acid cycle

67
Q

What are amino acids?

A

a waste product.

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