Ch 3

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

The energy currency of cells

Question 2

What is potential energy?

Answer 2

Stored energy

Question 3

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 3

Energy of motion

Question 4

What is chemical energy?

Answer 4

Energy stored in bonds

Question 5

What is electrical energy?

Answer 5

How neurons communicate

Question 6

What is mechanical energy?

Answer 6

How our muscles move

Question 7

What is sound energy?

Answer 7

Sound waves

Question 8

What is radiant energy?

Answer 8

What we see

Question 9

What are thermodynamics?

Answer 9

Study of energy transformations

Question 10

What is heat energy?

Answer 10

Waste of all the chemical reactions

Question 11

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 11

We can take it and convert it

Question 12

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 12

Lose some energy to heat

Question 13

What is oxidation?

Answer 13

Reduction reaction

Question 14

Oxidized during oxidation

Answer 14

Structure that loses an electron

Question 15

Reduced during reduction

Answer 15

Structure that gains an electron

Question 16

High energy molecule

Answer 16

NADH

Question 17

Exergonic reactions

Answer 17

Putting energy out; breaking things down

Question 18

Endergonic reactions

Answer 18

Putting energy in

Question 19

What is the reaction rate?

Answer 19

How long does it take for a reaction to happen

Question 20

What is activation energy?

Answer 20

Amount of energy you need for a reaction to happen

Question 21

What are enzymes?

Answer 21

Catalysts within the body lower the amount of activation energy needed

Question 22

No enzyme present

Answer 22

Uncatalyzed

Question 23

Enzyme present

Answer 23

Catalyzed; speed up

Question 24

What are cofactors?

Answer 24

Ions required to ensure a reaction occurs

Question 25

Organic cofactors called

Answer 25

Coenzymes

Question 26

Example of coenzymes

Answer 26

Vitamins

Question 27

Enzymes are important for what?

Answer 27

Function

Question 28

Active site

Answer 28

Structure in protein chain need to be specific

Question 29

Location of enzymes

Answer 29

Are everywhere

Question 30

What happens during transferase?

Answer 30

Kinase

Question 31

What does pyruvate dehydrogenase do?

Answer 31

Transfers hydrogen from pyruvate

Question 32

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 32

Helps form DNA

Question 33

What does lactase do?

Answer 33

Digests lactose

Question 34

Rate of a chemical reaction may be accelerated by

Answer 34

Increase in enzyme or substrate concentration

Question 35

What is saturation?

Answer 35

So much substrate is present all enzymes are in engaged in reaction

Question 36

Human enzymes function at

Answer 36

Optimal temperature (98.6)

Question 37

Types of intramolecular interactions

Answer 37

Hydrophobic, H-bonds, Ionic bonds, Disulfide

Question 38

Enzymes functions best at

Answer 38

Optimal pH (6 and 8)

Question 39

What are inhibitors?

Answer 39

Prevent an enzyme from doing its job

Question 40

What are competitive inhibitors?

Answer 40

Competing for the active site

Question 41

What are noncompetitive inhibitors?

Answer 41

Go to the allosteric site

Question 42

What is metabolic pathway?

Answer 42

Series of enzymes

Question 43

What is multienzyme complex?

Answer 43

Group of attached enzymes

Question 44

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 44

Adding a phosphate

Question 45

What is dephosphorylation?

Answer 45

Removing a phosphate

Question 46

Preformed by protein kinases

Answer 46

Phosphorylation

Question 47

Preformed by phosphatases

Answer 47

Dephosphorylation

Question 48

What is metabolic?

Answer 48

Sum of all chemical reactions

Question 49

What is ATP?

Answer 49

An energy-carrying molecule that fuels all living cells.

Question 50

What is required to make ATP?

Answer 50

Oxygen

Question 51

C6 H12 O6

Answer 51

Sugar

Question 52

C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 ->

Answer 52

6 CO2 + 6 H20

Question 53

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 53

ATP formed from phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 54

What is required in the location of glucose oxidation?

Answer 54

20 different enzymes

Question 55

What is cytosol?

Answer 55

Semifluid cell contents of the cell

Question 56

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 56

Double bond organelle

Question 57

Stages of glucose oxidation

Answer 57

Glycolysis, intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport system

Question 58

Occurs in cytosol, does not require oxygen

Answer 58

Glycolosis

Question 59

Occurs in mitochondria, require oxygen

Answer 59

Intermediate stage, citric acid cycle, electron transport system

Question 60

What is glycolysis?

Answer 60

Determines what goes in and what goes out

Question 61

If sufficient 02 available

Answer 61

Pyruvate enters mitochondria

Question 62

If insufficient 02 available

Answer 62

Pyruvate converted to lactate

Question 63

What is electron transport system?

Answer 63

We get ATP from NADH and FADH2

Question 64

Formed during one citric acid cycle

Answer 64

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

Question 65

What is insufficient oxygen?

Answer 65

Didn't utilize oxygen and everything starts shutting down

Question 66

What do fatty acids do?

Answer 66

Utilizes CoA and this enters pathway at citric acid cycle

Question 67

What are amino acids?

Answer 67

a waste product.