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Flashcards > ch 12 nervous system pt 2 > Flashcards

ch 12 nervous system pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Regeneration is possible if:

A

Neuron cell body is intact and enough neurilemma remains

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2
Q

After a traumatic injury pns axons can…

A

Regenerate

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3
Q

CNS axon regeneration is

A

extremely limited

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4
Q

What are pumps?

A

Active transport, needs energy, sodium-potassium pumps

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5
Q

What are channels?

A

More proteins

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6
Q

What are leak channels?

A

Always open

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7
Q

What are chemically gated channels?

A

Closed unless when neurotransmitters bind

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8
Q

What are voltage gated channels

A

Closed unless membrane charge changes (neg charge)

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9
Q

Three states of voltage gated Na+ channels

A

resting, activation, inactivation state

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10
Q

What is resting state gates?

A

Activation gate closed, inactivation gate open

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11
Q

What is the Na+ movement in resting state?

A

Can’t go through

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12
Q

What is activation state gates

A

Activation and inactivation gates open

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13
Q

What is the Na+ movement in activation state?

A

Can move through channel

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14
Q

What is inactivation state gates

A

Activation gate closed, inactivation gate open

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15
Q

What is the Na+ movement in activation state?

A

Can’t go through

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16
Q

What are mechanically gated channels?

A

Closed unless open in response to a stimulus

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17
Q

What is in an entire plasma membrane of a neuron?

A

Leak channels, Na+ and K+ pumps, resting potential

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18
Q

What is in the receptive segment?

A

Dendrites and cell body

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19
Q

What gate is in the receptive segment?

A

Chemically gated channels Cl-

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20
Q

What gate is in the initial segment?

A

voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels

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21
Q

What is in the initial segment?

A

Axon hillock

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22
Q

What is in the conductive segment?

A

Axon and its branches

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23
Q

What is gate is in the conductive segment?

A

Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels

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24
Q

What is in the transmissive segment?

A

Synaptic knobs

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25
Q

What gate is in the transmissive segment?

A

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and pumps

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26
Q

What is voltage energy (potential energy)

A

Inside and outside cell; concertation gradient

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26
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Movement of ions

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26
Q

What is resistance energy?

A

Opposition to movement of ions such as membrane

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26
Q

What is current energy?

A

When channels open

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27
Q

What is Ohms law?

A

current = voltage/resistance

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27
Q

How is voltage energy exist?

A

Exists across the membrane due to unequal distribution of ions

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27
Q

How is current energy generated?

A

Generated when ions diffuse through channels

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28
Q

RMP =

A

-70mv

29
Q

How does resistance energy change?

A

due to the actions of gated channels

30
Q

What is the most important factor in setting RMP?

A

K+ diffusion

31
Q

Influx is what polarization?

A

Depolarization

32
Q

What triggers the RMP to raise from -90mv to -70mv?

A

Sodium

33
Q

Efflux is what polarization?

A

Repolarization

34
Q

What is the role of Na+/K+ pumps

A

Pushing 3 positive charges out and pushing only 2 in

34
Q

What is graded potential?

A

Are small, short-lived changes in the RMP

35
Q

Graded potentials in a postsynaptic neuron =

A

Postsynaptic potentials

36
Q

EPSP

A

Depolar, Na+ influx

37
Q

IPSP

A

Hyperpolar, Cl- Influx, K+ Efflux

38
Q

Glial cells and their functions in CNS

A

Astrocytes; Maintaining the blood-brain barrier, regulate tissue fluid, form structural support, providing nutrients to neurons

39
Q

Glial cells and their functions in PNS

A

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells); Form the myelin sheath around the neurons, supply nutrients to individual axons.

40
Q

Structure for CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

41
Q

Structure for PNS

A

Nerves

42
Q

Clusters of cell bodies are called what in CNS

A

Nuclei

43
Q

Clusters of cell bodies are called what in PNS

A

Ganglion

44
Q

Bundles of neuron processes are called what in CNS

A

Tract

45
Q

Bundles of neuron processes are called what in PNS

A

Nerves

46
Q

Order of the nervous system

A

stimulus -> sensory receptors -> sensory neuron -> CNS -> motor neuron -> effector

47
Q

What is considered the thermoreceptor?

A

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons

48
Q

What does the PNS do in the beginning?

A

Collects info and afferent

49
Q

What does the PNS do at the end?

A

Output and efferent

50
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Integrate

51
Q

What are the 4 types of effectors?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

52
Q

What is somatic sensory system?

A

Hearing, vision, touching

53
Q

What is visceral sensory system?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

54
Q

What is somatic motor system?

A

Sends voluntary signals to skeletal muscles

55
Q

What is autonomic motor system?

A

Sends involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands

56
Q

What is sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight and stressor occurring

57
Q

What is parasympathetic?

A

Rest and digest and controls homeostasis

58
Q

Come from

A

Visceral

59
Q

Go to

A

Motor

60
Q

All or none law

A

If we get to -55mv we will have an action potential

61
Q

Threshold mv

A

-55mv

62
Q

Na+ become inactive at what mv

A

+30mv

63
Q

What is depolarization?

A

Gain a positive charge as Na+ enters through voltage gated Na+ channels

64
Q

What is hyperpolarization?

A

Return to negative potential as K+ exits through voltage gated K+ channels

65
Q

Steps to return to RMP

A

Na+ and K+ leak channels and Na+/K+ pumps

66
Q

What is absolute refractory period?

A

Absolutely cannot have another action potential; Na+ channels open then inactivated

67
Q

What is relative refractory period?

A

Another action potential is possible just hard to get

68
Q

When is the absolute refractory period?

A

Right before and after action potential; Na+ channels have reset and K+ channels close slowly

69
Q

What is continuous conduction?

A

Occurs on unmyelinated axons and impulse has to go through each channel

70
Q

What is saltatory conduction?

A

Occurs on myelinated axons and impulse can past nodes

71
Q

Activity at the synaptic knob

A

Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels and diffuse into knob and binds to proteins associated with synaptic vesicles and triggers exocytosis

72
Q

What is action potential?

A

Propagated without any loss in intensity along the axon

73
Q

What is graded potential?

A

Local changes in the membrane potential found in the cell body and dendrites

74
Q

What does myelination do?

A

Speeds up an action potential

75
Q

What is nerve fiber?

A

An axon and its myelin sheath

76
Q

What is group A

A

Large diameter, myelinated fibers

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