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ch 12 nervous system pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Regeneration is possible if:

A

Neuron cell body is intact and enough neurilemma remains

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2
Q

After a traumatic injury pns axons can…

A

Regenerate

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3
Q

CNS axon regeneration is

A

extremely limited

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4
Q

What are pumps?

A

Active transport, needs energy, sodium-potassium pumps

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5
Q

What are channels?

A

More proteins

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6
Q

What are leak channels?

A

Always open

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7
Q

What are chemically gated channels?

A

Closed unless when neurotransmitters bind

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8
Q

What are voltage gated channels

A

Closed unless membrane charge changes (neg charge)

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9
Q

Three states of voltage gated Na+ channels

A

resting, activation, inactivation state

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10
Q

What is resting state gates?

A

Activation gate closed, inactivation gate open

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11
Q

What is the Na+ movement in resting state?

A

Can’t go through

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12
Q

What is activation state gates

A

Activation and inactivation gates open

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13
Q

What is the Na+ movement in activation state?

A

Can move through channel

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14
Q

What is inactivation state gates

A

Activation gate closed, inactivation gate open

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15
Q

What is the Na+ movement in activation state?

A

Can’t go through

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16
Q

What are mechanically gated channels?

A

Closed unless open in response to a stimulus

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17
Q

What is in an entire plasma membrane of a neuron?

A

Leak channels, Na+ and K+ pumps, resting potential

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18
Q

What is in the receptive segment?

A

Dendrites and cell body

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19
Q

What gate is in the receptive segment?

A

Chemically gated channels Cl-

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20
Q

What gate is in the initial segment?

A

voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels

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21
Q

What is in the initial segment?

A

Axon hillock

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22
Q

What is in the conductive segment?

A

Axon and its branches

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23
Q

What is gate is in the conductive segment?

A

Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels

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24
Q

What is in the transmissive segment?

A

Synaptic knobs

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25
What gate is in the transmissive segment?
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and pumps
26
What is voltage energy (potential energy)
Inside and outside cell; concertation gradient
26
What is electrical energy?
Movement of ions
26
What is resistance energy?
Opposition to movement of ions such as membrane
26
What is current energy?
When channels open
27
What is Ohms law?
current = voltage/resistance
27
How is voltage energy exist?
Exists across the membrane due to unequal distribution of ions
27
How is current energy generated?
Generated when ions diffuse through channels
28
RMP =
-70mv
29
How does resistance energy change?
due to the actions of gated channels
30
What is the most important factor in setting RMP?
K+ diffusion
31
Influx is what polarization?
Depolarization
32
What triggers the RMP to raise from -90mv to -70mv?
Sodium
33
Efflux is what polarization?
Repolarization
34
What is the role of Na+/K+ pumps
Pushing 3 positive charges out and pushing only 2 in
34
What is graded potential?
Are small, short-lived changes in the RMP
35
Graded potentials in a postsynaptic neuron =
Postsynaptic potentials
36
EPSP
Depolar, Na+ influx
37
IPSP
Hyperpolar, Cl- Influx, K+ Efflux
38
Glial cells and their functions in CNS
Astrocytes; Maintaining the blood-brain barrier, regulate tissue fluid, form structural support, providing nutrients to neurons
39
Glial cells and their functions in PNS
Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells); Form the myelin sheath around the neurons, supply nutrients to individual axons.
40
Structure for CNS
Brain and spinal cord
41
Structure for PNS
Nerves
42
Clusters of cell bodies are called what in CNS
Nuclei
43
Clusters of cell bodies are called what in PNS
Ganglion
44
Bundles of neuron processes are called what in CNS
Tract
45
Bundles of neuron processes are called what in PNS
Nerves
46
Order of the nervous system
stimulus -> sensory receptors -> sensory neuron -> CNS -> motor neuron -> effector
47
What is considered the thermoreceptor?
Sensory receptors and sensory neurons
48
What does the PNS do in the beginning?
Collects info and afferent
49
What does the PNS do at the end?
Output and efferent
50
What does the CNS do?
Integrate
51
What are the 4 types of effectors?
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
52
What is somatic sensory system?
Hearing, vision, touching
53
What is visceral sensory system?
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
54
What is somatic motor system?
Sends voluntary signals to skeletal muscles
55
What is autonomic motor system?
Sends involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands
56
What is sympathetic?
Fight or flight and stressor occurring
57
What is parasympathetic?
Rest and digest and controls homeostasis
58
Come from
Visceral
59
Go to
Motor
60
All or none law
If we get to -55mv we will have an action potential
61
Threshold mv
-55mv
62
Na+ become inactive at what mv
+30mv
63
What is depolarization?
Gain a positive charge as Na+ enters through voltage gated Na+ channels
64
What is hyperpolarization?
Return to negative potential as K+ exits through voltage gated K+ channels
65
Steps to return to RMP
Na+ and K+ leak channels and Na+/K+ pumps
66
What is absolute refractory period?
Absolutely cannot have another action potential; Na+ channels open then inactivated
67
What is relative refractory period?
Another action potential is possible just hard to get
68
When is the absolute refractory period?
Right before and after action potential; Na+ channels have reset and K+ channels close slowly
69
What is continuous conduction?
Occurs on unmyelinated axons and impulse has to go through each channel
70
What is saltatory conduction?
Occurs on myelinated axons and impulse can past nodes
71
Activity at the synaptic knob
Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels and diffuse into knob and binds to proteins associated with synaptic vesicles and triggers exocytosis
72
What is action potential?
Propagated without any loss in intensity along the axon
73
What is graded potential?
Local changes in the membrane potential found in the cell body and dendrites
74
What does myelination do?
Speeds up an action potential
75
What is nerve fiber?
An axon and its myelin sheath
76
What is group A
Large diameter, myelinated fibers

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