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Ch 12 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The order of the nervous system

A

Stimulus -> Sensory receptor -> Sensory neuron -> CNS -> Motor neuron -> effector

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2
Q

What is considered the thermoreceptor?

A

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons

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3
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Collects info and afferent

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4
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Output and efferent

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5
Q

What is in the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Integrate

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of effectors?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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8
Q

What’s in the PNS in the system?

A

Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron and effector

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9
Q

What’s is the PNS made of?

A

Nerves and ganglia

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10
Q

Bundles of axon

A

Nerves

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11
Q

Clusters of cell bodies

A

Ganglia

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12
Q

Sensory nervous system =

A

Afferent nervous system

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13
Q

What does sensory nervous system do?

A

Receives sensory information

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14
Q

What is somatic sensory system?

A

Hearing, vision, touching

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15
Q

What is visceral sensory system?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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16
Q

Motor nervous system =

A

Efferent nervous system

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17
Q

What muscle is the motor nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscle

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18
Q

What is somatic motor system?

A

Sends voluntary signals to skeletal muscles

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19
Q

What is autonomic motor system?

A

Sends involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands

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20
Q

What is in the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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21
Q

What is sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight and stressor occurring

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22
Q

What is parasympathetic?

A

Rest and digest and controls homeostasis

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23
Q

What tissue is epineurium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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24
Q

What tissue is perineurium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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25
Q

What tissue is endoneurium?

A

Areolar connective tissue

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26
Q

What does epineurium nerve do?

A

Encloses entire nerve

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27
Q

What does perineurium nerve do?

A

Wraps fascicle

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28
Q

What is fascicle?

A

Smaller group of bundles of axons in nerve

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29
Q

What does endoneurium nerve do?

A

Supports neuron and wraps an individual axon

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30
Q

Two types of nerves

A

Cranial and spinal

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31
Q

Classification nerves for function

A

Sensory, motor, mixed nerves

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32
Q

What is excitability?

A

Responsiveness to a stimulus

33
Q

What is the start of a neuron?

A

Excitability

34
Q

What is conductivity?

A

Propagate electrical signal; actin potential in axon

35
Q

What is secretion?

A

Release a neurotransmitter in response to conductive activity

36
Q

What is extreme longevity?

A

How long cells live and same neurons since birth

37
Q

What is amitotic?

A

Mitotic activity is lost in most neurons

38
Q

What is the point of the cell body?

A

Dumping a lot of ions to create an action potential

39
Q

What is chromatophilic substance made of?

40
Q

What does dendrites receive?

A

Receive information and transfers to cell body

41
Q

What is the axon?

A

Long process emanating from cell body

42
Q

What is axon hillock?

A

Attaches to cell body

43
Q

What is axoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm of the axon

44
Q

What is axolemma?

A

Membrane of the axon

45
Q

What are axon collaterals?

A

Splits into branches

46
Q

What does the axon end with?

A

Axon terminal

47
Q

What do synaptic vesicles do?

A

Have neurotransmitters that talk to the next cell

48
Q

What is the function of axons?

A

To conduct action potential

49
Q

What is the cytoplasm composed of?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

50
Q

What is neurofibrils?

A

Form bundles and provide strength

51
Q

What is retrograde transport?

A

To cell body

52
Q

What is anterograde transport?

A

From cell body

53
Q

What is fast axonal transport?

A

Movement along microtubules and powered by ATP

54
Q

What is slow axonal transport?

A

Moved from cell body to knob and is for replacing things

55
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

Many dendrites and one axon

56
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

One dendrite and one axon

57
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

One process extends from cell body

58
Q

Where are interneurons located?

A

Within CNS

59
Q

What is synapse?

A

Neurons connect to another neuron or effector

60
Q

What is electrical synapse ?

A

Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons bound together by gap junctions

61
Q

What must happen in chemical synapse?

A

Has to diffuse and initiates action potential

62
Q

What is presynaptic neurons?

A

Axon terminal produces signal

63
Q

What is postsynaptic neurons?

A

Receives the signal

64
Q

What is synaptic cleft?

A

Space in between pre and post synaptic neurons

65
Q

What is glial cells?

A

Non excitable, support cells found in CNS and PNS

66
Q

What is astrocytes?

A

Help form blood-brain barrier by wrapping feet around brain capillaries

67
Q

What does blood-brain barrier control?

A

Which substances have access to brain

68
Q

What is ependymal cells?

A

Line cavities in brain and spinal cord

69
Q

What is microglia?

A

CNS and immune system for brain

70
Q

What is oligodendrocytes?

A

Slender extension forms myelin sheath

71
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Insulate and regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste; PNS

72
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

PNS axons with myelin and cause a faster action potential

73
Q

Neoplasm from unregulated cell growth and supporting tissues

74
Q

What is myelination?

A

Process of wrapping an axon with myelin

75
Q

How many axon can Schwann cells myelinate?

76
Q

What is nodes of Ranvier?

A

Gaps between Schwann cells

77
Q

Myelination by oligodendrocytes

A

In CNS, one oligodendrocyte and myelinate 1 mm of multiple axons

78
Q

Unmyelinated axons in PNS

A

Axon sits not fully covered

79
Q

Unmyelinated axons in CNS

A

Axons not associated with oligodendrocytes

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