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Ch 12 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The order of the nervous system

A

Stimulus -> Sensory receptor -> Sensory neuron -> CNS -> Motor neuron -> effector

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2
Q

What is considered the thermoreceptor?

A

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons

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3
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Collects info and afferent

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4
Q

What does the PNS do?

A

Output and efferent

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5
Q

What is in the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Integrate

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7
Q

What are the 4 types of effectors?

A

Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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8
Q

What’s in the PNS in the system?

A

Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron and effector

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9
Q

What’s is the PNS made of?

A

Nerves and ganglia

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10
Q

Bundles of axon

A

Nerves

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11
Q

Clusters of cell bodies

A

Ganglia

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12
Q

Sensory nervous system =

A

Afferent nervous system

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13
Q

What does sensory nervous system do?

A

Receives sensory information

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14
Q

What is somatic sensory system?

A

Hearing, vision, touching

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15
Q

What is visceral sensory system?

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

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16
Q

Motor nervous system =

A

Efferent nervous system

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17
Q

What muscle is the motor nervous system?

A

Skeletal muscle

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18
Q

What is somatic motor system?

A

Sends voluntary signals to skeletal muscles

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19
Q

What is autonomic motor system?

A

Sends involuntary commands to heart, smooth muscle, and glands

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20
Q

What is in the ANS?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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21
Q

What is sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight and stressor occurring

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22
Q

What is parasympathetic?

A

Rest and digest and controls homeostasis

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23
Q

What tissue is epineurium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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24
Q

What tissue is perineurium?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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25
What tissue is endoneurium?
Areolar connective tissue
26
What does epineurium nerve do?
Encloses entire nerve
27
What does perineurium nerve do?
Wraps fascicle
28
What is fascicle?
Smaller group of bundles of axons in nerve
29
What does endoneurium nerve do?
Supports neuron and wraps an individual axon
30
Two types of nerves
Cranial and spinal
31
Classification nerves for function
Sensory, motor, mixed nerves
32
What is excitability?
Responsiveness to a stimulus
33
What is the start of a neuron?
Excitability
34
What is conductivity?
Propagate electrical signal; actin potential in axon
35
What is secretion?
Release a neurotransmitter in response to conductive activity
36
What is extreme longevity?
How long cells live and same neurons since birth
37
What is amitotic?
Mitotic activity is lost in most neurons
38
What is the point of the cell body?
Dumping a lot of ions to create an action potential
39
What is chromatophilic substance made of?
Ribosomes
40
What does dendrites receive?
Receive information and transfers to cell body
41
What is the axon?
Long process emanating from cell body
42
What is axon hillock?
Attaches to cell body
43
What is axoplasm?
Cytoplasm of the axon
44
What is axolemma?
Membrane of the axon
45
What are axon collaterals?
Splits into branches
46
What does the axon end with?
Axon terminal
47
What do synaptic vesicles do?
Have neurotransmitters that talk to the next cell
48
What is the function of axons?
To conduct action potential
49
What is the cytoplasm composed of?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
50
What is neurofibrils?
Form bundles and provide strength
51
What is retrograde transport?
To cell body
52
What is anterograde transport?
From cell body
53
What is fast axonal transport?
Movement along microtubules and powered by ATP
54
What is slow axonal transport?
Moved from cell body to knob and is for replacing things
55
Multipolar neurons
Many dendrites and one axon
56
Bipolar neurons
One dendrite and one axon
57
Unipolar neurons
One process extends from cell body
58
Where are interneurons located?
Within CNS
59
What is synapse?
Neurons connect to another neuron or effector
60
What is electrical synapse ?
Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons bound together by gap junctions
61
What must happen in chemical synapse?
Has to diffuse and initiates action potential
62
What is presynaptic neurons?
Axon terminal produces signal
63
What is postsynaptic neurons?
Receives the signal
64
What is synaptic cleft?
Space in between pre and post synaptic neurons
65
What is glial cells?
Non excitable, support cells found in CNS and PNS
66
What is astrocytes?
Help form blood-brain barrier by wrapping feet around brain capillaries
67
What does blood-brain barrier control?
Which substances have access to brain
68
What is ependymal cells?
Line cavities in brain and spinal cord
69
What is microglia?
CNS and immune system for brain
70
What is oligodendrocytes?
Slender extension forms myelin sheath
71
What are satellite cells?
Insulate and regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste; PNS
72
What are Schwann cells?
PNS axons with myelin and cause a faster action potential
73
Neoplasm from unregulated cell growth and supporting tissues
Tumors
74
What is myelination?
Process of wrapping an axon with myelin
75
How many axon can Schwann cells myelinate?
1 mm
76
What is nodes of Ranvier?
Gaps between Schwann cells
77
Myelination by oligodendrocytes
In CNS, one oligodendrocyte and myelinate 1 mm of multiple axons
78
Unmyelinated axons in PNS
Axon sits not fully covered
79
Unmyelinated axons in CNS
Axons not associated with oligodendrocytes

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