Virus Fast Facts Flashcards
Pox Virus
DS DNA
Replicates in nucleus and not icosahedral
Largest DNA virus
Live vaccine
Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored papules w/ central umbilication
Hepadnavirus
Partially DS DNA but circular
DNA –> + RNA template –> DNA (not a retrovirus but has a reverse transcriptase)
Hep B - less often chronic (greater chance chronicity in young)
Adenovirus
Naked
DS DNA
Think military or schools
Adeno = adenoids (febrile pharyngitis)
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pink eye, pneumonia
Papillomavirus
DS DNA
Circular
Warts (1,2,6,11) and CIN / cervicl cancer (16,18)
Vaccine against 6, 11, 16, 18 (subunit)
Polyomavirus
DS DNA
Circular
JC Virus –> PML in HIV (“junky cerebrum”)
BK Virus in transplant pts (“bad kidneys”)
Parvovirus
SS DNA
Smallest DNA virus
B19 - aplastic crisis in sickle cell; slapped cheek or erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
In fetus –> hydrops fetalis and death
HSV 1
DS DNA
More oral but also most common cause sporadic encephalitis (sz, aphasia, mental change)
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
HSV 2
DS DNA
More genital / neonatal
Meningitis (more so than HSV1)
Latent in sacral ganglia (reccurence)
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
VZV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
Worry about herpetic neuralgia
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
EBV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Mono - fever, hepatosplenomegaly (avoid sports), pharyngitis, post nodes
Atypical T cells
Monospot - heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination by sheep or horse blood
Infects B cells via CD21 (bar)
Amox –> maculopapular rash
Ass. w/ Burkitt lymphoma and nasophayngeal cancer (Asians)
CMV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Congenital, sex, urine, transplant
Neg monospot
Immune- comp get pneumonia, esophagitis, retinitis, cotton wool spots
Babies get chorioretinitis, hearing loss, delays
HHV 6 and HHV 7
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Roseola infantum (fever first - rosie cheeks later)
May cause febrile sz
HHV8
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Sexual contact
Kaposi sarcoma (neoplasm of endothelial cells - do NOT blanch)
Can also be in GI and lungs
Reoviruses (2)
DS RNA (only one - "repeato") Segmented (boaR)
Coltivirus (colorado tick fever)
Rotavirus - fatal diarrhea in kids esp < 2yo in winter; give vaccine; causes villous atrophy and loss of Na+ and K+
Picornaviruses in General
SS + RNA
All pos sense
All Naked (CPR)
All made as polypeptide that requires protease cleavage (zoo tix)
All enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus (common cold)
Polio - flamingo Echovirus - mockingbird Rhinovirus - rhino Coxsackievirus - parrots Hep A - Hippos
Hepevirus
SS + RNA
Naked (“hippie”)
Hep E - fatal in preg; oral transmission, enteric
Norovirus
SS + RNA
Naked (CPR)
Calcivirus
viral gastroenteritis
Rubella
SS + RNA
Enveloped (“toga virus”)
Fever, post-auricular lymph, arthralgias, rash starts on face then moves down (ruby falls off crown)
TORCHES
Congenital –> blueberry muffin rash (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis and deafness
Coronavirus
SS + RNA
Helical - spiral path to castle
Common cold
SARS
MERS
Orthomyxovirus
SS - RNA
8 segments (bOar)
Helical
Enveloped
Flu - live nasal spray or killed vaccine
H - hemagglutinin (binds sialic acid)
N - neuroaminidase (progeny virion release)
genetic drift = random mutation of H&N genes leading to epidemic
Genetic shift = reassortment of segments leading to pandemic
Paramyxoviruses
SS - RNA
All contain F fusion protein on surface (causes resp epithelial cells to fuse and form multi-nucleated cells)
Parainfluenza - croup (seals bark)
RSV - bronchiolitis
Human metapneumovirus
Measles (wheasles) and Mumps
Rhabdovirus
Rabies
SS - RNA
Bullet-shaped
Negri bodies (cyto inclusions in Purkinje of cerebellum and hippocampus)
Incubates wks to months - attaches to Ach receptors –> retrograde to CNS (dyenin)
Fever, malaise, agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation –> paralysis, coma, death
Bat caves
Filoviruses
SS - RNA
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Ebola targets endothelial cells, phagocytes and hepatocytes
Flu-like —> DIC, hemorrhage, shock
21 day incubation
Spread by direct contact w/ bodily fluid
Arenaviruses
SS + and - sense
Circular
2 segments (boAr)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by rodents
