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Step 1 Memorization Hour > Virus Fast Facts > Flashcards

Virus Fast Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Pox Virus

A

DS DNA
Replicates in nucleus and not icosahedral
Largest DNA virus

Live vaccine

Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored papules w/ central umbilication

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2
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Partially DS DNA but circular

DNA –> + RNA template –> DNA (not a retrovirus but has a reverse transcriptase)

Hep B - less often chronic (greater chance chronicity in young)

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3
Q

Adenovirus

A

Naked
DS DNA

Think military or schools

Adeno = adenoids (febrile pharyngitis)

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pink eye, pneumonia

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4
Q

Papillomavirus

A

DS DNA
Circular

Warts (1,2,6,11) and CIN / cervicl cancer (16,18)

Vaccine against 6, 11, 16, 18 (subunit)

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5
Q

Polyomavirus

A

DS DNA
Circular

JC Virus –> PML in HIV (“junky cerebrum”)

BK Virus in transplant pts (“bad kidneys”)

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6
Q

Parvovirus

A

SS DNA
Smallest DNA virus

B19 - aplastic crisis in sickle cell; slapped cheek or erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

In fetus –> hydrops fetalis and death

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7
Q

HSV 1

A

DS DNA

More oral but also most common cause sporadic encephalitis (sz, aphasia, mental change)

Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells

Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)

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8
Q

HSV 2

A

DS DNA

More genital / neonatal

Meningitis (more so than HSV1)

Latent in sacral ganglia (reccurence)

Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells

Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)

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9
Q

VZV

A

DS DNA Herpesvirus

Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia

Worry about herpetic neuralgia

Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells

Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)

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10
Q

EBV

A

DS DNA Herpesvirus

Mono - fever, hepatosplenomegaly (avoid sports), pharyngitis, post nodes

Atypical T cells

Monospot - heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination by sheep or horse blood

Infects B cells via CD21 (bar)

Amox –> maculopapular rash

Ass. w/ Burkitt lymphoma and nasophayngeal cancer (Asians)

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11
Q

CMV

A

DS DNA Herpesvirus

Congenital, sex, urine, transplant

Neg monospot

Immune- comp get pneumonia, esophagitis, retinitis, cotton wool spots

Babies get chorioretinitis, hearing loss, delays

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12
Q

HHV 6 and HHV 7

A

DS DNA Herpesvirus

Roseola infantum (fever first - rosie cheeks later)

May cause febrile sz

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13
Q

HHV8

A

DS DNA Herpesvirus

Sexual contact

Kaposi sarcoma (neoplasm of endothelial cells - do NOT blanch)

Can also be in GI and lungs

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14
Q

Reoviruses (2)

A 
DS RNA (only one - "repeato") 
Segmented (boaR)

Coltivirus (colorado tick fever)

Rotavirus - fatal diarrhea in kids esp < 2yo in winter; give vaccine; causes villous atrophy and loss of Na+ and K+

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15
Q

Picornaviruses in General

A

SS + RNA
All pos sense
All Naked (CPR)
All made as polypeptide that requires protease cleavage (zoo tix)
All enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus (common cold)

Polio - flamingo 
Echovirus - mockingbird 
Rhinovirus - rhino 
Coxsackievirus - parrots 
Hep A - Hippos
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16
Q

Hepevirus

A

SS + RNA
Naked (“hippie”)

Hep E - fatal in preg; oral transmission, enteric

17
Q

Norovirus

A

SS + RNA
Naked (CPR)
Calcivirus

viral gastroenteritis

18
Q

Rubella

A

SS + RNA
Enveloped (“toga virus”)

Fever, post-auricular lymph, arthralgias, rash starts on face then moves down (ruby falls off crown)

TORCHES

Congenital –> blueberry muffin rash (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis and deafness

19
Q

Coronavirus

A

SS + RNA
Helical - spiral path to castle

Common cold
SARS
MERS

20
Q

Orthomyxovirus

A

SS - RNA
8 segments (bOar)
Helical
Enveloped

Flu - live nasal spray or killed vaccine

H - hemagglutinin (binds sialic acid)
N - neuroaminidase (progeny virion release)

genetic drift = random mutation of H&N genes leading to epidemic

Genetic shift = reassortment of segments leading to pandemic

21
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A

SS - RNA
All contain F fusion protein on surface (causes resp epithelial cells to fuse and form multi-nucleated cells)

Parainfluenza - croup (seals bark)

RSV - bronchiolitis

Human metapneumovirus

Measles (wheasles) and Mumps

22
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

Rabies

SS - RNA
Bullet-shaped
Negri bodies (cyto inclusions in Purkinje of cerebellum and hippocampus)

Incubates wks to months - attaches to Ach receptors –> retrograde to CNS (dyenin)

Fever, malaise, agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation –> paralysis, coma, death

Bat caves

23
Q

Filoviruses

A

SS - RNA

Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever - often fatal

Ebola targets endothelial cells, phagocytes and hepatocytes

Flu-like —> DIC, hemorrhage, shock

21 day incubation

Spread by direct contact w/ bodily fluid

24
Q

Arenaviruses

A

SS + and - sense
Circular
2 segments (boAr)

LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by rodents

25
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

SS - RNA
circular
3 segments (Boar)

California encephalitis
Rift Valley Fever
Crimeon- Congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever and pneumonias

26
Q

Delta Virus

A

SS - RNA
Circular

Hep D - defective; requires Hep B to replicate

Superinfection (HDV after HBV) worse than co-infection

27
Q

Rhinovirus

A

Picornovirus

Common cold (>100 types)

Acid-labile (rhino on rock to avoid acid) so does not infect GI

28
Q

Yellow Fever

A

Flavivirus (SS + RNA)

Transmitted by Aedes mosquito

High fever, black vomit, jaundice, Councilman bodies on liver biopsy (eosinophilic apoptotic globules)

29
Q

Croup

A

Parainfluenza

Also has hemaggluttinin and neuroaminidase

Seal-like barking cough and inspiratory stridor

Steeple sign on Xray (narrow upper trachea and subglottis)

Pulsus paradoxus secondary to airway obstruction

30
Q

RSV

A

ribavirin as tx

pavilizumab as prophylaxis

31
Q

Measles

A

Paramyxovirus

Prodrome = fever, cough, coryza (nose inflam), conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (red w/ blue white center in mucosa)

Then maculopapular rash from head down

Lymphadenitis - paracortical hyperplasia w/ fused lymphocytes (Warthin - Finkeldey giant cells)

Rare sequalae - encephalitis, pneumonia, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

32
Q

Mumps

A

Paramyxovirus

Parotitis
Orchitis (can cause sterility)
Aseptic meningitis
Pancreatitis

33
Q

Zika Virus

A

Flavivirus

Transmitted by Aedes mosquito

Conjunctivitis and itchy rash

Tropical areas

Sexual and vertical (miscarriage or microcephaly in baby)

34
Q

Hep C

A

Flavivirus

C - more often chronic, cirrhosis BEFORE HCC

35
Q

Hep A

A

Pico virus

Fecal-oral (shellfish and travel to Asia)

Often asymptomatic in kids

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