Virus Fast Facts Flashcards
Pox Virus
DS DNA
Replicates in nucleus and not icosahedral
Largest DNA virus
Live vaccine
Molluscum contagiosum - flesh colored papules w/ central umbilication
Hepadnavirus
Partially DS DNA but circular
DNA –> + RNA template –> DNA (not a retrovirus but has a reverse transcriptase)
Hep B - less often chronic (greater chance chronicity in young)
Adenovirus
Naked
DS DNA
Think military or schools
Adeno = adenoids (febrile pharyngitis)
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis, pink eye, pneumonia
Papillomavirus
DS DNA
Circular
Warts (1,2,6,11) and CIN / cervicl cancer (16,18)
Vaccine against 6, 11, 16, 18 (subunit)
Polyomavirus
DS DNA
Circular
JC Virus –> PML in HIV (“junky cerebrum”)
BK Virus in transplant pts (“bad kidneys”)
Parvovirus
SS DNA
Smallest DNA virus
B19 - aplastic crisis in sickle cell; slapped cheek or erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
In fetus –> hydrops fetalis and death
HSV 1
DS DNA
More oral but also most common cause sporadic encephalitis (sz, aphasia, mental change)
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
HSV 2
DS DNA
More genital / neonatal
Meningitis (more so than HSV1)
Latent in sacral ganglia (reccurence)
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
VZV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
Worry about herpetic neuralgia
Tzanck - multi nucleated giant cells
Intranuclear eosin inclusions (Cowdry bodies)
EBV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Mono - fever, hepatosplenomegaly (avoid sports), pharyngitis, post nodes
Atypical T cells
Monospot - heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination by sheep or horse blood
Infects B cells via CD21 (bar)
Amox –> maculopapular rash
Ass. w/ Burkitt lymphoma and nasophayngeal cancer (Asians)
CMV
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Congenital, sex, urine, transplant
Neg monospot
Immune- comp get pneumonia, esophagitis, retinitis, cotton wool spots
Babies get chorioretinitis, hearing loss, delays
HHV 6 and HHV 7
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Roseola infantum (fever first - rosie cheeks later)
May cause febrile sz
HHV8
DS DNA Herpesvirus
Sexual contact
Kaposi sarcoma (neoplasm of endothelial cells - do NOT blanch)
Can also be in GI and lungs
Reoviruses (2)
DS RNA (only one - "repeato") Segmented (boaR)
Coltivirus (colorado tick fever)
Rotavirus - fatal diarrhea in kids esp < 2yo in winter; give vaccine; causes villous atrophy and loss of Na+ and K+
Picornaviruses in General
SS + RNA
All pos sense
All Naked (CPR)
All made as polypeptide that requires protease cleavage (zoo tix)
All enteroviruses (fecal-oral) except rhinovirus (common cold)
Polio - flamingo Echovirus - mockingbird Rhinovirus - rhino Coxsackievirus - parrots Hep A - Hippos
Hepevirus
SS + RNA
Naked (“hippie”)
Hep E - fatal in preg; oral transmission, enteric
Norovirus
SS + RNA
Naked (CPR)
Calcivirus
viral gastroenteritis
Rubella
SS + RNA
Enveloped (“toga virus”)
Fever, post-auricular lymph, arthralgias, rash starts on face then moves down (ruby falls off crown)
TORCHES
Congenital –> blueberry muffin rash (dermal extramedullary hematopoiesis and deafness
Coronavirus
SS + RNA
Helical - spiral path to castle
Common cold
SARS
MERS
Orthomyxovirus
SS - RNA
8 segments (bOar)
Helical
Enveloped
Flu - live nasal spray or killed vaccine
H - hemagglutinin (binds sialic acid)
N - neuroaminidase (progeny virion release)
genetic drift = random mutation of H&N genes leading to epidemic
Genetic shift = reassortment of segments leading to pandemic
Paramyxoviruses
SS - RNA
All contain F fusion protein on surface (causes resp epithelial cells to fuse and form multi-nucleated cells)
Parainfluenza - croup (seals bark)
RSV - bronchiolitis
Human metapneumovirus
Measles (wheasles) and Mumps
Rhabdovirus
Rabies
SS - RNA
Bullet-shaped
Negri bodies (cyto inclusions in Purkinje of cerebellum and hippocampus)
Incubates wks to months - attaches to Ach receptors –> retrograde to CNS (dyenin)
Fever, malaise, agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation –> paralysis, coma, death
Bat caves
Filoviruses
SS - RNA
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever - often fatal
Ebola targets endothelial cells, phagocytes and hepatocytes
Flu-like —> DIC, hemorrhage, shock
21 day incubation
Spread by direct contact w/ bodily fluid
Arenaviruses
SS + and - sense
Circular
2 segments (boAr)
LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lassa fever encephalitis - spread by rodents
Bunyaviruses
SS - RNA
circular
3 segments (Boar)
California encephalitis
Rift Valley Fever
Crimeon- Congo hemorrhagic fever
Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever and pneumonias
Delta Virus
SS - RNA
Circular
Hep D - defective; requires Hep B to replicate
Superinfection (HDV after HBV) worse than co-infection
Rhinovirus
Picornovirus
Common cold (>100 types)
Acid-labile (rhino on rock to avoid acid) so does not infect GI
Yellow Fever
Flavivirus (SS + RNA)
Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
High fever, black vomit, jaundice, Councilman bodies on liver biopsy (eosinophilic apoptotic globules)
Croup
Parainfluenza
Also has hemaggluttinin and neuroaminidase
Seal-like barking cough and inspiratory stridor
Steeple sign on Xray (narrow upper trachea and subglottis)
Pulsus paradoxus secondary to airway obstruction
RSV
ribavirin as tx
pavilizumab as prophylaxis
Measles
Paramyxovirus
Prodrome = fever, cough, coryza (nose inflam), conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (red w/ blue white center in mucosa)
Then maculopapular rash from head down
Lymphadenitis - paracortical hyperplasia w/ fused lymphocytes (Warthin - Finkeldey giant cells)
Rare sequalae - encephalitis, pneumonia, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Mumps
Paramyxovirus
Parotitis
Orchitis (can cause sterility)
Aseptic meningitis
Pancreatitis
Zika Virus
Flavivirus
Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
Conjunctivitis and itchy rash
Tropical areas
Sexual and vertical (miscarriage or microcephaly in baby)
Hep C
Flavivirus
C - more often chronic, cirrhosis BEFORE HCC
Hep A
Pico virus
Fecal-oral (shellfish and travel to Asia)
Often asymptomatic in kids
