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Step 1 Memorization Hour > Drug Side Effects > Flashcards

Drug Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Which 4 drugs can cause coronary vasospasm?

A

Amphetamines (alpha constriction)

Cocaine (alpha constriction)

Sumatriptan

Ergot alkaloids (like bromocriptine)

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2
Q

Which 6 drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A

Vancomycin

Adenosine

Niacin

Nitrates

Ca channel blockers

Echinocandins

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3
Q

Which drugs can cause torsades?

A

ABCDE

A- anti Arrhythmia (Ia and III)

B - anti Biotics (macrolides)

C - anti Cychotics (haloperidol)

D - anti Depressants (TCAs)

E - anti Emetics (odansetron)

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4
Q

Lithium

A

DI (nephrogenic)

Hypothyroidism

Tremor

Ebstein anomaly in fetus

most reabsorbed in proximal tubule

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5
Q

Demeclocycline

A

DI (nephrogenic)

Photosensitivity and bone/teeth abnormalities (because part of tetracycline family)

it is an ADH antagonist for SIADH

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Hypothyroidism (iodine content)

Pulmonary fibrosis

Photosensitivity

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7
Q

Which 5 drugs cause hyperglycemia?

A

Tacrolimus

Protease inhibitors

Niacin

Hydrochlorothiazide

Corticosteroids

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8
Q

Carbamazepine

A

SIADH

Agranulocytosis

Aplastic anemia

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9
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

SIADH

Hemorrhagic cystitis (give w/ mesna)

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10
Q

SSRIs

A

Sexual dysfunction (dec orgasms and libido)

Burproprion may alleviate sex dysfunction

SIADH

Diarrhea

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11
Q

Which drugs can cause hepatic necrosis? (4)

A

Halothane

Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom)

Valproic acid

acetaminophen

“HAVAc”

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12
Q

When to check LFTs (7)

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide

Statins, fibrates

Bosentan (pulm HTN drug)

Zileuton (anti-leukotriene)

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13
Q

Which drugs can cause pancreatitis? (6)

A

Didanosine

Corticosteroids

Alcohol

Valproic Acid

AZA

Diuretics

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14
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anemia

Gray baby syndrome (cannot metabolize in liver)

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15
Q

Methimazole and Propylthiouracil

A

Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Methimazole is also teratogen so use PTU in first trimester

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16
Q

Hemolysis in G6PD Deficiency (7)

A

OXIDANTS

Isoniazid 
Sulfonamides
Dapsone
Primaquine
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantoin
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17
Q

Which drugs can cause megaloblastic anemia? (4)

A

Hydroxyurea

Phenytoin

Methotrexate

Sulfa drugs

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18
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Agranulocytosis

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19
Q

Clozapine

A

Agranulocytosis

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20
Q

Fluroquinolones

A

Tendonitis and tendon rupture

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21
Q

Protease Inhibitors

A

Hyperglycemia and fat redistribution

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22
Q

Which drugs cause gingival hyperplasia? (3)

A

Phenytoin

Ca channel blockers

Cyclosporine

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23
Q

Which drugs cause hyperuricemia? (4)

A

Furosemide and thiazides

Niacin

Cyclosporine

Pyrazinamide

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24
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Photo-sensitive

Discolored teeth

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25
Q

Which drugs cause SLE-like syndrome? (6)

A

Sulfa drugs

Hydralazine

Isoniazid

Procainamide

Phenytoin

Etanercept

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26
Q

Myopathy (9)

A

Statins, fibrates and niacin

Daptomycin

Colchicine

Hydroxychloroquinolone

Interferon alpha

Penicillamine

GCs

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27
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Antipsychotics (high potency - trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol - “try to fly high”)

Metoclopramide (used for gastroparesis in DM)

Selegiline (MAO-B inhibitor if too much)

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28
Q

Seizures (5)

A

Isoniazid

Buproprion (if bullimia or anorexia)

Imipenem/cilastatin

Tramadol

Enflurane (inhaled anesthetic)

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29
Q

Tenofovir

A

Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubule problem)

30
Q

Ifosfamide

A

CHEMO

Fanconi

Hemorrhagic cystitis (give w/ mesna whose thiol group binds toxic metabolites)

31
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (6)

A

Methotrexate

Bleomycin & busulfan

Amiodarone

Nitrofurantoin

Carmustine (chemo)

32
Q

Disulfiram-Like Reaction (5)

A

First generation sulfonylureas

Procarbazine

some Cephalosporins

Griseofulvin

Metro

33
Q

Nephro and Ototoxicity (5)

A

Aminoglycosides

Vancomycin

Loop diuretics

Cisplatin

Amphotercin B

34
Q

Which drugs are “sulfa drugs”?

A

Sulfonamide antibiotics

Sulfasalazine

Probenacid (uric acid reducer)

Furosemide

Acetazolamide

Thiazides

Sulfonylureas

Celecoxib

35
Q

Fibrates

A

Myopathy

Cholesterol gallstones

36
Q

Digoxin

A

Cholinergic - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, arrhythmia, AV block

Blurry yellow vision

Hyperkalemia (no Na- K pump moving K+ in)

Clearance is dec if taken w/ verapamil, amiodarone or quinidine

Do not take w/ metoclopramide in DM

37
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Impotence

Exacerbate COPD or asthma

Bradycardia / AV block

CNS - sedation or sleep alterations

DO NOT GIVE ALONE IN PHEO OR COCAINE BECAUSE UNOPPOSED ALPHA

38
Q

Amiodarone

A

Hepatotoxic

Pulmonary fibrosis

Hypo or hyperthyroid (40% iodine by wt)

Corneal deposits or gray skin deposits in sun

PFTs / LFTs / TFTs

39
Q

Metformin

A

Lactic acidosis

40
Q

Glitazones / TZDs

A

Wt gain and edema

Inc risk fractures

41
Q

Cimetidine

A

Anti-androgen effects - prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence and dec libido

Crosses BBB (confusion, headaches, dizziness) and placenta

42
Q

PPIs

A

Inc risk C diff and pneumonia

Deplete Mg in long term

43
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist)

Triptans (5-HT 1B/1D agonists)

Tramadol (weak opioid agonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs

Atypical anti-dep like Vilazodone and Vortioxetine

Linezolid

MDMA

Dextromethorphan (NMDA antagonist for cough suppression)

3 A’s - agitated, hyper Activity, autonomic stim

44
Q

Cytarabine

A

panCYTopenia

Myelosuppression w/ megaloblastic anemia

45
Q

5-FU

A

Hand-foot syndrome

Palmar and planter erythrodysesthesia (skin reaction)

46
Q

Nitrosureas

A

CHEMO

CNS (nitro for neuro - convulsions, ataxia, dizziness)

47
Q

Etoposide / Teniposide

48
Q

Rituximab

A

Inc risk progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

49
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Esophagitis (water and upright 30 min)

Osteonecrosis of jaw

Atypical stress fractures

50
Q

Allopurinol

A

Inc conc of AZA and 6-MP b/c they are purine analogs normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase

51
Q

Phenytoin

A

Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, peripheral neuropathy

Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, DRESS syndrome

SJS

Megaloblastic anemia, teratogen folate

P450 induction

52
Q

Vigabatrin

A

BLACK BOX VISION LOSS

53
Q

Levodopa / Carbidopa

A

Arrhythmia from peripheral conversion to catecholamines

On-off phenomenon (dyskinesia at dose and akinesia between doses)

54
Q

Benzocaine

A

Methemoglobinemia

55
Q

Depolarizing Nerve Block (succinylcholine)

A

Hypercalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Malignant hyperthermia

56
Q

Bimatoprost / Latanoprost

A

Prostaglandins for eye

Darken iris and eyelash growth

57
Q

Low Potency Typical Antipsychotics

A

Anti-cholinergic (dry)

Anti-histamine (sedation)

Alpha 1 blockade (orthostatic hypotension)

Include chlorpromazine, thioridazine

58
Q

Typical Anti-psych in General

A

Extra-pyramidal symptoms

Inc prolactin - gynecomastia, galactorrhea, oligomenorrhea

Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, wt gain

QT prolongation

Chloro = corneal deposits 
Thio = reTinal deposits

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - fever, encephalopathy, unstable vitals, inc enzymes, rigid, myolobinuria

59
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics in General

A

Prolonged QT but fewer extra-pyramidal and fewer anticholinergic effects than typicals

“pines” = metabolic syndrome

Risperidone = hyper prolactin

60
Q

TCAs

A

Sedation

Alpha block - postural hypotension

Anti-cholinergics - dry, tachy, urinary retention (amitriptyline tertiary&raquo_space; secondary)

QT prolongation

Tri - C’s - coma, convulsions, cardiotoxic, confusion in elderly b/c anticholinergic

61
Q

MAOIs

A

Hypertensive crises w/ ingestion tyramine (aged cheese and wine)

Tyramine displaces NE into cleft - inc symp stim

WAIT 2 WKS AFTER STOPPING TO START NEW SEROTONIN DRUG OR CHANGE DIET

62
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Sedation

Inc appetite and wt gain

Dry mouth

63
Q

Trazadone

A

Sedation (ZZZs)

Priapism in males (trazaBONE)

Postural hypotension

64
Q

ACE Inhibitors

A

Brady cough

Angioedema (also due to inc bradykinin)

Inc creatinine

Hyperkalemia

Hypotension

USE WITH CAUTION IN RENAL STENOSIS

65
Q

Interstitial Nephritis (5)

A

Sulfa drugs

PCNs

Furosemide

NSAIDs

PPIs

66
Q

Copper IUD

A

Longer / heavier menses

PID on insertion

67
Q

Danazol

A

Synthetic androgen / partial agonist

Hirsutism, wt gain, edema, acne, masculinization

Dec HDL

Hepatotoxic

Pseudotumor cerebri

68
Q

PDE5 Inhibitors

A

Headache, flushing, blue-tinted vision (cyanopia), indigestion

DO NOT USE WITH NITRATE (life threatening hypotension)

69
Q

First Generation Anti-Histamines

A

Also sedating, anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha-adrenergic

SECOND GENERATION FAR LESS SEDATING (end in -adine)

70
Q

First Generation Anti-Histamines

A

Also sedating, anti-muscarinic and anti-alpha-adrenergic

SECOND GENERATION FAR LESS SEDATING (end in -adine)

71
Q

Pseudoephedrine and Phenylephrine

A

HTN

Rebound congestion if used more than 4-6 days (body stops making endogenous NE)

CNS stim / anxiety

72
Q

Epoprostenol and Iloprost

A

PGI2 prostacyclin analogs

Flushing and jaw pain

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