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Step 1 Memorization Hour > Parasite Fast Facts > Flashcards

Parasite Fast Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia

A

Bloating, fatty diarrhea, foul smell

Transmission - cysts in water (jungle ride)

Trophozoites or cysts in stool (O&P)

Tx - metro (metro in amusement park)

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2
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Bloody diarrhea, liver abscess w/ anchovy paste pus and RUQ pain

Histo - flask shaped ulcers

“Entamoeba eats RBCs” - see trophozoites w/ engulfed RBCs

Tx - metro (train near underground historical site)

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3
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

Severe diarrhea in AIDS pt or mild diarrhea in normal pt

Transmission by oocysts in water (can detect by acid-fast stain)

Prevent by filtration NOT Cl-

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4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Congenital = chorioretinitis + hydrocephalus + intracranial calcifications (crosses placenta)

React in AIDS –> ring enhancing lesions

Meat or cat feces (litter box)

Tachyzoite on biopsy (sickle shaped)

Tx - sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine (easter eggs w/ pyramids painted on)

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5
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Rapid, fatal, meningioencephalitis

Fresh water –> cribiform plate –> brain

See amoebas in spinal fluid

Amphotercin (frog in lake)

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6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

African sleeping sickness

Prince bruce to rescue sleeping beauty

Recurring fever (hills - due to antigenic variation)

Tsetse fly (tea kettle)

Trypomastigote (goat stuffed animal) on blood smear

Tx = suramine for blood (sounds like serum) & melarsoprol for CNS (like melatonin - sleep)

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7
Q

Plasmodium (4)

A

Malaria - anemia, fever, headache, splenomegaly

Anopheles mosquito

1/2- Vivax/ovale - tertiary fevers and hyponozoites dormant in liver; add primaquine (primal queen) for hypozoites

3- Malariae - quart fever

4- Falciparum - severe, irregular fever cycles, inc RBCs and occlude capillaries of brain, kidney, lungs (see rings in RBCs or Schuffner stippling)

Use chloroquine for all unless resistant (endemic Africa) - then use IV quinidine, artesunate (artist), mefloquine, atovaquone, proguanil (iguana)

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8
Q

Babesia

A

Fever, hemolytic anemia, inc severity if asplenic

NE USA

Ixodes tick (common co-infection w/ borrelia)

Maltese cross on smear

Tx = atovaquone and macrolide (vampire queen w/ crow on shoulder)

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9
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon (gas pump) or megaesophagus (snake)

Romano sign - unilateral peri-orbital swelling

Kissing bug (painless bite) then defecate in wound –> human scratches

Tx = benznidazole & nifurtimox (in benz w/ fur boots)

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10
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

Sandfly of mid-east and africa

Cutaneous = skin ulcers
Visceral = fevers, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia

Macrophages containing amastagotes (goats in cages) on BM aspirate

Tx = stibogluconate (t bone steak) or amphotercin B if bad (frogs of plague)

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Foul, green d/c

Motile trophozoites on wet mount

Strawberry cervix

Tx = metro (for partner too)

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12
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

VERMIN LADY

AKA pinworm

Anal itch

Dx - tape at anus for eggs

Tx - pyrantel pamoate or bendazoles (PAM - action words)

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13
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

TREE MAN (lumber)

AKA giant roundworm

Ingest eggs that hatch in intestine –> blood –> lungs –> cough and swallow –> GI to mature

Intestine obstruction / perforation, malnutrition, resp prob (bronchial tree) and biliary obstruction (biliary tree)

Knobby-coated oval eggs in feces

Tx - abendazoles

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14
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

STRONG GUY

AKA threadworm

In boots (larvae in soil penetrate skin –> blood –> lungs –> cough and swallow –> GI)

Larvae in feces, eggs in intestine

Tx - abendazole or ivermectin (allen iverson is strong)

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15
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale & Nectar Americanus

A

AMERICA MAN

Hookworms in rural southern US

Cowboy boots (larvae penetrate skin); walking on beach barefoot

Anemia b/c suck intestine blood

Cutaneous serpiginous rash

Tx = abendazole or pyrantel pamoate

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16
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

SPIRAL PIG VILLAIN

In undercooked pork

fever, vomit, nausea, periorbital edema (glasses)

Larvae in blood –> striated muscle (inflammation)

Tx = abendazole

17
Q

Trichuris trichiura

A

Often asymp or loose stools, anemia, rectal prolapse in kids

Tx = abendazoles

18
Q

Toxocara canis

A

Food w/ dog or cat feces –> larvae –> blood –> heart, liver, eyes, CNS

“visceral larva migrans”

“ocular larva migrans” if eyes involved

Tx = bendazoles

19
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

Black fly (near rivers) bites host –> deposit larva in skin –> mature and migrate thru body

Skin changes and “river blindness”

Ivermectin (river)

20
Q

Loa Loa

A

Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly

Local Calabar swelling as migrates thru subQ tissue and worm in eye

Tx = diethylcarbamazine (diet and carb magazine)

21
Q

Wuchereris bancrofti

A

Elephantitis (elephant pants - esp legs)

Mosquito bite –> larvae –> worms invade nodes –> inflammation –> lymphedema

Takes 9 mo - 1 yr for onset

Tx = diethylcarbamazine (diet and carb magazine)

22
Q

Taenia solium

A

Intestinal tapeworm from pork (pig) if ingest larvae

Neurocysticerosis if ingest eggs (sz and swiss chz on MRI)

Tx - praziquantel (pretzels at carnival)

23
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

bothrium think bathroom (run to bathroom after ingest undercooked fish)

Competes for B12 –> B12 def –> megaloblastic anemia

Tx - praziquantel (pretzels at carnival)

24
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Dogs = definitive host (eggs in dog feces)

Sheep = intermediate host

Sheep dog at carnival (cocker - coccus)

Hydatid cysts w/ eggshell calcification in liver

Cyst rupture –> anaphylaxis

Tx - praziquantel (pretzels at carnival)

25
Q

Schistoma (3)

A

SNAIL host - penetrate skin in water (swimmers at risk)

Swimmer’s itch

All move against portal flow (salmon against stream)

Mansoni - merman w/ lateral spine (like fin); portal HTN

Japonicum - smooth small spine like smooth circle of japanese flag; also portal HTN

Haematobium - large TERMINAL spine (like sword fish); in bladder veins so hematuria and squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

Tx - praziquantel (pretzels at aquarium)

26
Q

Chonorchis sinensis

A

Orca

Snail –> fish –> humans eat undercooked fish

Sea gull - gall problems (biliary tract inflammation, pigmented gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma)

Tx - praziquantel (pretzels at carnival)

27
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei

A

Scabies

Burrow in stratum corneum - serpiginous

Itching worse at night

Think crowds (jails, nursing homes)

Transmit skin to skin or by fomites

Tx - permethrin + change sheets/clothes + close contacts

28
Q

Pediculus humanis / Phthirus pubis

A

Blood-sucking lice –> itch –> excoriations

Scalp and axilla

Can transmit borrelia prowazekii, Borrelia recurrentis, Bartonella quintana (trench fever)

Tx - pyrethroids, malathion, ivermectin lotions and nit combing

Step 1 Memorization Hour (127 decks)

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