Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits and other anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

Ototoxicity

Question 4

Diethylstilbestrol

Answer 4

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina and malformations of mullerian system

Question 5

Anti - epileptics

Answer 5

Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft palate, nail hypoplasia, facial skeletal abnormalities

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Includes methotrexate, trimethoprim, antiepileptics

Question 7

Isotretinoin

Answer 7

Severe birth defects

Question 8

Lithium

Answer 8

Ebstein anomaly - apical displacement of tricuspid valve

Question 9

Thalidomide

Answer 9

Limb defects - phocomelia, micromelia

Question 10

Tetracyclines

Answer 10

Teeth discoloration and inhibited bone growth

Question 11

Warfarin

Answer 11

Bone deformation, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, optho problems

Question 12

Alcohol

Answer 12

MOST COMMON

Retardation, microcephaly, limb dislocation, heart abnormalities, facial features (smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, small palpebral fissures)

Due to failure of cell migration

Question 13

Cocaine

Answer 13

Low birth wt, preterm birth, IUGR, placenta, abruption

VASOCONSTRICTION

Question 14

Smoking

Answer 14

Low birth wt (leading cause in developed world), preterm labor, placenta problems, IUGR, SIDS

VASOCONSTRICTION from nicotine and impaired oxygen delivery from CO

Question 15

Iodine

Answer 15

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism leading to cretinism

Question 16

Maternal diabetes

Answer 16

Caudal regression syndrome - failure of lower spine to develop

Heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia

Question 17

Methylmercury

Answer 17

Neurotoxic

Swordfish, shark, tilefish, king mackerel