Eye Findings Flashcards
Hyperopia
Far-sighted
Eye too short so light focused behind retina
Use convex/converging lens
Myopia
Near-sighted
Eye too long so light focused in front of retina
Use concave / diverging lens
Astigmatism
Abnormal curvature of cornea –> diff refractive power at diff axes
Correct w/ cylindrical lens
What causes presbyopia?
Dec lens elasticity, changes in lens curvature and dec strength in ciliary muscle
Closed v. Open Angle Glaucoma
Closed - dec space b/n lens and iris (obstructs aqueous flow)
Open - blocked trabecular meshwork obstructs aqueous flow
Finding in Retinal Detachment
Crinkling retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction
Marcus Gunn Pupil
Afferent pupil defect so no afferent arm of pupil reflex only in affected eye
No constriction in either eye when light shined in affected eye BUT normal response when light shined in unaffected eye
Swinging flashlight test
3 Findings in Horner
PAM is horny
P - ptosis
A - anhidrosis (no sweating on face / forehead)
M - miosis (pupil constricted)
CN III Damage
Down (SO) and out (lateral rectus)
Blown pupil (dilated - lose pupil reflex b/c parasympathetics)
CN IV Damage
Eye moves up (esp when adduct in contralateral gaze b/c no SO)
Prob going down stairs
May use compensatory head tilt
CN VI Damage
Medial - cannot abduct
L Side MLF Lesion
L eye cannot adduct (medial rectus not innervated by CN III) so when look R the L eye stays straight and the R eyes has nystagmus b/c the affected CN IV is trying to compensate and is overactive
R Anopia
R optic nerve BEFORE chiasm
Bitemporal hemiapnopia
Optic chiasm problem like pituitary tumor
R Homonymous Hemianopia
R side of both visual fields gone
L optic tract (OPPOSITE)
