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Step 1 Memorization Hour > Rapid Review - Labs > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Inc AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Dating error

Anencephaly or spina bifida (open tube leaks AFP)

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2
Q

Anti-centromere Antibodies

A

CREST (scleroderma)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular BM Antibodies

A

Goodpasture (glomerular nephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Anti-histone antibodies

A

Drug-induced lupus (hydralazine, isoniazid, entanercept, procainamide, phenytoin)

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5
Q

AMAs

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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6
Q

p-ANCA

A

Microscopic polyangitis, Churgg-Straus (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) AND primary sclerosing cholangitis

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7
Q

c-ANCA

A

granulomatosis w/ polyangitis (Wegner’s)

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8
Q

Anti-platelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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9
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemics scleroderma

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10
Q

Anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac

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11
Q

Apple core lesion on barium enema

A

Colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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12
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes on smear

A

EBV

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13
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

AML esp APL (M3 - promyelocytes)

“auer rods”

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14
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functioning spleen)

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15
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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16
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

Lead poisoning

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17
Q

Boot shaped heart on Xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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18
Q

Branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces

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19
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast (can compress cervical symp chain and cause Horner)

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20
Q

“Brown” tumor or bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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21
Q

Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease

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22
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis

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23
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells around pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

Neuroblastoma, medullablastoma

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24
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

CF

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25
Q

Dec AFP in amniotic fluid

A

DS

Other chromosomal abnormalities

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26
Q

Degeneration of dorsal columns

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

Subacute combined degeneration = dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tract + spinocerebellar)

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27
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curshmann sppiral in bronchial asthma

Can result in whorled mucus plugs

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28
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic material

A

Call - Exner bodies of granulosa cell ovarian tumors

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29
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes of HPV –> cervical cancer

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30
Q

Electrical aternans

A

Alternating amp of EKG (pericardial tamponade)

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31
Q

Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

CMV - owl eyes

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32
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei and central clearing

A

“Orphan Annie” of papillary thyroid cancer

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33
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasm inclusion in liver cells

A

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

Think Amy Winehouse sang “Mallory”

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34
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson’s and Lewy Body Dementia)

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35
Q

Eosinophilic globular in liver

A

Councilman bodies (viral hepatitis, yellow fever)

Represents hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis

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36
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerbellar neurons

A

Negri bodies of Rabies

37
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter

A

Senile plaques (alpha - beta amyloid in AZ)

38
Q

Giant B cells w/ bi-lobed nuclei and prominent inclusions

A

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

39
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Yolk sac tumor - Schiller-Duval body

40
Q

Hair on end or crew cut appearance on Xray

A

Beta-thalassemia or sickle cell - marrow expansion

41
Q

Elevated hCG

A

pregnancy

Choriocarcinoma

Hydatiform mole

42
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

43
Q

Heterophile antibodies

44
Q

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

A

Charcot-Leydon crystals w/ eosinophilic granules

Asthma

45
Q

High D Dimer

A

PE

DVT

DIC

46
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs that can calcify

A

Ghon complex of Tb

47
Q

Honeycomb lung on Xray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

48
Q

Hypercoaguability and migrating DVTs

A

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

49
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia

50
Q

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

51
Q

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry type A (HSV or VZV)

52
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies of asbestosis

Inc risk lung cancer&raquo_space; mesothelioma

53
Q

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

54
Q

Large granules in phagocytes and immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome fusion)

55
Q

Low serum ceruplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration - liver and BG)

56
Q

Lumpy bumpy glomeruli on IF

A

PSGN (deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

57
Q

Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on Xray

A

Mult myeloma

58
Q

Mammary gland blue-domed cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of breast

59
Q

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

A

Multiple Myeloma (CRAB -hypercalcemia, renal, anemia, bone

MGUS (consequence of aging; no end organ damage)

Waldenstrom macroglobinemia (just IgM in M spike)

Amyloidosis

60
Q

Mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

A

Signet ring of gastric carcinoma

61
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium Xray

A

string sign in Chron’s

62
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis in lungs and necrotizing glomerulanephritis

A

Wegener’s w/ c-ANCA

Goodpasture’s (anti BM)

63
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules in diabetics

64
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari

65
Q

Onion skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma (small blue cell tumor)

66
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles of AZ or Pick’s bodies in Pick disease (frontal lobes)

67
Q

Psammoma Bodies

A

P - papillary thyroid cancer

S - serous carcinoma of ovary or endometrium

M - meningioma

M- mesothelioma

68
Q

Pseudopallisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

69
Q

Raised periosteum (creates Codman triangle)

A

Aggressive bone lesions like Ewing, osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis)

70
Q

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

A

Reinke crystals

71
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott - Aldrich

72
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered, pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

A

Starry sky histology

Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14) c-MYC

73
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of aorta

74
Q

Silverstaining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neuron

A

Pick bodies

75
Q

Soap bubble lesion on Xray of tibia or femur

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

76
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation from high ESR in multiple myeloma

77
Q

Steeple Sign

A

Parainfluenza / croup

78
Q

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells in Gardnerella

79
Q

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells seen on EM

A

Birbeck granules of LH cell histiocytosis

80
Q

Thrombi made of white and red layers

A

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus w/ layers of platelets and RBCs)

81
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck Xray

A

Epiglossitis (H flu)

82
Q

Tram track capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative (v. subepithelial deposits and spikes on BM in just membranous)

83
Q

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic pylonephritis

84
Q

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or non-alcoholic)

85
Q

Inc uric acid levels

A

Gout

Lesch-Nyhan

Tumor lysis syndrome

Thiazide or loop diuretics

86
Q

Waxy casts and low urine flow

A

End stage renal disease

87
Q

Smudged WBCs

A

CLL (almost always B cell)

88
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillaries

A

SLE diffuse proliferative GN

89
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

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