Rapid Review - Labs Flashcards by Sarah Hogan

Inc AFP in amniotic fluid

Dating error

Anencephaly or spina bifida (open tube leaks AFP)

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Anti-centromere Antibodies

CREST (scleroderma)

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Anti-glomerular BM Antibodies

Goodpasture (glomerular nephritis and hemoptysis)

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Anti-histone antibodies

Drug-induced lupus (hydralazine, isoniazid, entanercept, procainamide, phenytoin)

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AMAs

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

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p-ANCA

Microscopic polyangitis, Churgg-Straus (Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) AND primary sclerosing cholangitis

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c-ANCA

granulomatosis w/ polyangitis (Wegner’s)

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Anti-platelet antibodies

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Diffuse systemics scleroderma

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Anti-endomysial antibodies

Celiac

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Apple core lesion on barium enema

Colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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Atypical Lymphocytes on smear

EBV

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Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

AML esp APL (M3 - promyelocytes)

“auer rods”

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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functioning spleen)

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Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Basophilic stippling

Lead poisoning

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Boot shaped heart on Xray

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

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Branching gram + rods w/ sulfur granules

Actinomyces

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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Pancoast (can compress cervical symp chain and cause Horner)

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“Brown” tumor or bone

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

Chagas disease

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Chocolate cyst of ovary

Endometriosis

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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells around pale neurofibrils

Homer-Wright rosettes

Neuroblastoma, medullablastoma

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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

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Dec AFP in amniotic fluid

DS Other chromosomal abnormalities

Degeneration of dorsal columns

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis) Subacute combined degeneration = dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tract + spinocerebellar)

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Curshmann sppiral in bronchial asthma Can result in whorled mucus plugs

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic material

Call - Exner bodies of granulosa cell ovarian tumors

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

Koilocytes of HPV --> cervical cancer

Electrical aternans

Alternating amp of EKG (pericardial tamponade)

Enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

CMV - owl eyes

Enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei and central clearing

"Orphan Annie" of papillary thyroid cancer

Eosinophilic cytoplasm inclusion in liver cells

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease) Think Amy Winehouse sang "Mallory"

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron

Lewy Body (Parkinson's and Lewy Body Dementia)

Eosinophilic globular in liver

Councilman bodies (viral hepatitis, yellow fever) Represents hepatocytes undergoing apoptosis

Eosinophilic inclusion in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerbellar neurons

Negri bodies of Rabies

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter

Senile plaques (alpha - beta amyloid in AZ)

Giant B cells w/ bi-lobed nuclei and prominent inclusions

Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Yolk sac tumor - Schiller-Duval body

Hair on end or crew cut appearance on Xray

Beta-thalassemia or sickle cell - marrow expansion

Elevated hCG

pregnancy Choriocarcinoma Hydatiform mole

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

Heterophile antibodies

EBV

Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions

Charcot-Leydon crystals w/ eosinophilic granules Asthma

High D Dimer

PE DVT DIC

Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lungs that can calcify

Ghon complex of Tb

Honeycomb lung on Xray or CT

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Hypercoaguability and migrating DVTs

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Megaloblastic anemia

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn Syndrome)

Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

Cowdry type A (HSV or VZV)

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

Ferruginous bodies of asbestosis Inc risk lung cancer >> mesothelioma

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

Squamous cell carcinoma

Large granules in phagocytes and immunodeficiency

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome fusion)

Low serum ceruplasmin

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration - liver and BG)

Lumpy bumpy glomeruli on IF

PSGN (deposition of IgG, IgM and C3)

Lytic (punched out) bone lesions on Xray

Mult myeloma

Mammary gland blue-domed cyst

Fibrocystic change of breast

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

Multiple Myeloma (CRAB -hypercalcemia, renal, anemia, bone MGUS (consequence of aging; no end organ damage) Waldenstrom macroglobinemia (just IgM in M spike) Amyloidosis

Mucin filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus

Signet ring of gastric carcinoma

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium Xray

string sign in Chron's

Necrotizing vasculitis in lungs and necrotizing glomerulanephritis

Wegener's w/ c-ANCA Goodpasture's (anti BM)

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules in diabetics

Nutmeg liver

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd Chiari

Onion skin periosteal reaction

Ewing sarcoma (small blue cell tumor)

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein

Neurofibrillary tangles of AZ or Pick's bodies in Pick disease (frontal lobes)

Psammoma Bodies

P - papillary thyroid cancer S - serous carcinoma of ovary or endometrium M - meningioma M- mesothelioma

Pseudopallisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Glioblastoma multiforme

Raised periosteum (creates Codman triangle)

Aggressive bone lesions like Ewing, osteosarcoma, osteomyelitis)

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Reinke crystals

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

Wiskott - Aldrich

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered, pale, tingible body-laden macrophages

Starry sky histology Burkitt lymphoma t(8;14) c-MYC

Rib notching

Coarctation of aorta

Silverstaining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neuron

Pick bodies

Soap bubble lesion on Xray of tibia or femur

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Stacks of RBCs

Rouleaux formation from high ESR in multiple myeloma

Steeple Sign

Parainfluenza / croup

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

Clue cells in Gardnerella

Tennis racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells seen on EM

Birbeck granules of LH cell histiocytosis

Thrombi made of white and red layers

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus w/ layers of platelets and RBCs)

Thumb sign on lateral neck Xray

Epiglossitis (H flu)

Tram track capillary loops of glomerular BM on light microscopy

Membranoproliferative (v. subepithelial deposits and spikes on BM in just membranous)

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Chronic pylonephritis

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or non-alcoholic)

Inc uric acid levels

Gout Lesch-Nyhan Tumor lysis syndrome Thiazide or loop diuretics

Waxy casts and low urine flow

End stage renal disease

Smudged WBCs

CLL (almost always B cell)

Wire loop glomerular capillaries

SLE diffuse proliferative GN

Yellowish CSF

Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrhage