Fungus Fast Facts Flashcards
Histoplasmosis
Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
Macrophages filled w/ histo (canary cage)
Palate and tongue ulcers + splenomegaly
Urine and serum antigen test
Bird or bat droppings - CAVES
Blastomyces
E and Central US (along coast - Civil War area)
Broad-based budding like 2 cannon balls
Same size as RBC
Lung disease –> skin / bone
Coccidioides
SW US (California)
Spherule filled w/ spores (larger than RBC) - tumble weed
Erythema nodosum, arthralgias, bone
Para-coccidiodes
Latin America
Budding yeast (Captain’s wheel) - large than RBC
Dermatophytes
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
All cutaneous; septate hyphae ID w/ blue stain
Tinea capitis - scalp, alopecia
T corporis - torso; ring worm w/ central clearing
T pedis - foot (interdigital or moccasin)
T unguium - onychomycosis (nails)
Tinea Versicolor
Malassezia
Degrades lipids –> acid that destroys melanocytes (hyper or hypo - pigmented)
Heat / summer
Spaghetti and meatballs on micro
Selenium sulfide tx
Candida
Yeast in cold and germ tube (mold) in heat
Esp if neutropenia
Catalase +
Aspergillus
Acute angles and Septate (ASpergillus)
Aflatoxins - HCC
Cryptococcus neoformans
Encapsulated (sarcophagus)
In soil and pigeon droppings
India ink and mucicarmine stain
Latex agglutination and urease pos
Soap bubble lesions in brain if comp
Mucor and Rhizopus
Wide angle and non-septating
in DKA and neutropenia
Proliferate in vessel walls –> cribiform –> brain abscess (headache, CN problems, facial pain)
Black eschars on face (grease)
Pneumocystis jirovecii
PCP - diffuse interstitial pneumonia in AIDS (< 200)
Silver stain shows disc-shaped yeast (paddles)
Prophylaxis - TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone, atovaquone
Sporothrix schenckii
Dimorphic (butterfly)
Cigar-shaped yeast w/ branching hyphae (roses branches)
Thorn breaks skin –> spores enter –> pustule or ulcer –> nodules along lymph line
Tx - potassium iodide or itraconazole
