Endocrine Concepts

Question 1

Which anterior pituitary cells are basophilic?

Answer 1

B-FLAT

Basophilic - FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Other 2 are acidophils

Question 2

What embryonic tissue does the anterior v posterior pituitary come from?

Answer 2

Anterior - oral ecotderm (Rothke)

Posterior - neuroectoderm

Question 3

Ghrelin

Leptin

Endocannabinoids

Answer 3

Ghrelin (makes you hunGRE) - made by stomach and stim hunger and GH release

Leptin - (keeps you ThIN) - made by adipose tissues and stim satiety

Cann - cannabinoid receptors in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens

Question 4

What increase thyroid binding globulin?

Answer 4

Pregnancy and oral contraceptives (ESTROGEN)

Question 5

What decreases thyroid binding globulin?

Answer 5

hepatic failure and steroids

Question 6

Wolff-Chaikoff Effect

Answer 6

Excess iodine temporarily inhibits thyroid peroxidase leading to dec T3/T4

Question 7

Jod-Basedow Phenomenon

Answer 7

If iodine deficiency w/ autonomous thyroid nodule and you become totally iodine replete –> thyrotoxicosis

Question 8

4 Drugs to Treat Thyroid Storms

Answer 8

4 P’s

Propranolol (beta blocker)

PTU (also blocks peripheral conversion to T3)

Prednisone

Potassium iodide

Question 9

Chvostek Sign

Answer 9

Sign of hypercalcemia

Tap facial nerve –> contraction of facial muscles (“cheek”)

Question 10

Trousseaus Signs

Answer 10

Sign of hypercalcemia

Occlusion of brachial artery w/ BP cuff –> carpal spasm (“TRicep”)

Question 11

Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy

Answer 11

AKA Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A

Auto dom (must be from mom b/c of imprinting)

Problem w/ Gs - kidney unresponsive to PTH

Low Ca despite high PTH

+ short 4th/5th digits and short stature