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Step 1 Memorization Hour > Bacteria Fast Facts > Flashcards

Bacteria Fast Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Staph aureus

A 
Coag + (red sea) 
Beta hemolytic 
Catalase + (cat) 
Protein A - binds IgG Fc 
Ferments mannitol - yellow ("gold")

Gram pos cocci in clusters (grapes)

Nares, axilla, groin

TSST-1
Preformed food poison toxin - 2 to 6 hrs

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2
Q

Staph epidermidis

A

Coagulase - (jello)
Catalase + (cat)
Urease + (plumber cleaning w/ spray bottle)
Novobacin sensitive (plumber shows naval)

Skin - contaminates blood cx

Prosthetics, biofilms

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3
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

Coagulase - (jello)
Catalase + (cat)
Ureas + (spray bottle on counter)
Novabacin resistant (beauty not showing naval)

Female genital flora

Common in UTIs of young women

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4
Q

Strep pneumo

A 
Alpha hemolytic (alpha knight tournament) 
Encapsulated (armor) 
Lancet - shaped diplococci 
IgA protease (IgA shield) 
Optochin sensitive (no helmet) 
Bile acid soluble (no bile boots)

MOPS - meningitis, otitis, pneumonia, sinusitis (most common cause of ea)

Rusty sputum

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5
Q

Strep viridans

A 
Alpha hemolytic (alpha knight tournament) 
Not encapsulated 
Optochin resistant (helmet) and not bile acid soluble (boots)

Oropharynx flora –> dental caries and damaged heart valves

“Live in mouth b/c not afraid of-the-chin”

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6
Q

Strep Pyogenes

A

GROUP A STREP
Beta- hemolytic (baking light)
Gram pos cocci in chains
Bacitracin sensitive (basset hound eating pies)
Hyaluronic acid capsule (HA - hot apple pie)

M protein
ASO titer

Honey-crusted lesions (impetigo)
Scarlet fever (toxic shock like but skin - strawberry pie)
Rheumatic fever
PSGN (complex mediated)

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7
Q

Strep agalacticae

A

GROUP B STREP
Beta-hemolytic (space light)
Bacitracin resistant
Hippurate + (stuffed hippo)

Colonizes vagina –> baby pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis (give PCN to mom)

CAMP factor - inc area of hemolysis around staph aureus

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8
Q

Strep bovis

A

Colonizes gut but can enter blood –> endocarditis

Associated w/ colon cancer

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9
Q

Enterococci

A

Can grow in 6.5% NaCl (resist the 6.5%) and are bile resistant

Normal colon flora

“Do U heart trees?” - UTI, endocarditis, biliary tree infection

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10
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Spore-forming rod

Poly - D polypeptide capsule

Edema factor - inc cAMP
Lethal factor - MAPK protease

PAINLESS black eschar or pulmonary (wide mediastinum and shock)

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11
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Spore forming rod

Spores survive in rice (reheated rice syndrome)

emesis or non-bloody diarrhea w/in hrs

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12
Q

C tetani

A

Spore-forming
Obligate anaerobe

Tetanspasmin - GABA/glycine SNARE protease

Trismus - lockjaw
Sardonicus - raised eyebrows and open grin

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13
Q

C botulinum

A

Spore-forming
Obligate anaerobe

Heat-labile toxin is pre-formed in cans OR spores in honey - Ach SNARE protease (flaccid paralysis)

4 Ds - diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, dyspnea

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14
Q

C perfringens

A

Spore-forming
Obligate anaerobe

Alpha toxin - myonecrosis (gas gangrene)
Spores in undercooked food –> ingested –> heat labile toxin –> food poisoning

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15
Q

C diff

A

Spore- forming
Obligate anaerobe

Toxin A - enterotoxin (bind brush border - fluid secretion)
Toxin B - cytotoxin (actin depolymerization)

Pseudomembranes

Inc risk - clindamycin and amp

Dx by toxins in stool (PCR)

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16
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Club-shaped rod

diph toxin - inhibit EF2 synthesis (encoded on beta prophage)

Bull neck and gray pharnyeal membranes

Blue and red granules + pos Elek test

17
Q

Listeria

A

Facultative intracellular rod

Unpasteurized dairy and deli meats (grows in fridge)

Rocket tails (actin repolymerization to move cell to cell)

Tumbling motility

Meningitis in neonates and elderly

GRANULOMAS

Tx - amp

18
Q

Nocardia

A 
Gram pos 
Long branching filaments 
Aerobe (air bellow)
Acid fast (chaps)
In soil

Pulm in immune-compromised
Skin in immune -competent
Can spread to CNS

Tx - sulfa (eggs)

19
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

Gram pos
Long branching filament
Anaerobe (soldier in gas mask)

Oral, GI, reprod flora

Abscesses, dental carries, PID

Yellow sulfur granules (desert sand)

Tx - PCN (solider writing letter w/ pencil)

20
Q

M tuberculosis

A

Acid fast b/c mycolic acid wall

Primary - hilar nodes and ghon focus in lower lobes

90% heal … if reactivates –> local upper lung cavities (more O2) / granuloma

10% do not heal … bacteremia –> miliary Tb (vert, liver, lymph nodes, adrenals, joints, bone)

Pott disease - vertebrae

PPD test or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)

21
Q

M avium

A

AIDS when < 50 count

Azithromycin prophylaxis

22
Q

M marinum

A

hand infection in aquarium handlers

23
Q

M leprae

A

Acid fast
Grows in cool temps (extremities)
Armadillo reservoir

Lepromatous - diffusely over skin, lion face, can break out of macrophage –> humoral response (can be lethal)

Tuberculoid - limited hairless plaques and T cell response

Tx = dapsone + rifampin (deputy + rifle) and add clofazimine if lepromatous

Step 1 Memorization Hour (127 decks)

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