DM Drugs Flashcards
Rapid Acting Insulin
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine
Short Acting Insulin
Regular
Use in DKA
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Human (NPH)
Long-acting Insulin
Detemir and Glargine (large)
For basal levels
Metformin
Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and inhibits actions of glucagon
MAIN SIDE EFFECT IS LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Sulfonylureas
Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide
Glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide
MOA: close K+ channels in beta cells - opens Ca++ channels - more insulin release (cannot use in type I b/c have no insulin)
Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone
MOA: inc insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues by upregulation of PPAR - gamma (transcription factor)
“zone” - go to nuclear zone to inc transcription
WT GAIN AND FRACTURES
Meglitinides
Nateglinide and repaglinide
MOA: bind K+ channels on diff site then sulfonylureas to inc insulin release from beta cells
Exenatide, Liraglutide
MOA: GLP-1 Analogs - inc glucose dep insulin release; dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying
Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
MOA: DDP-4 inhibitors (normally deactivates GLP-1); also dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying
Pramlintide
MOA: amylin analog to dec gastric emptying and dec glucagon
Canagliflozin, Dapaliflozin, Etc
MOA: SGLT2 inhibitors; block reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubules
Block “flow” w/ flozins
GLUCOSURIA, UTIs, YEAST INFECTIONS
Acarbose and Miglitol
MOA: inhibit alpha-glucosidase at intestinal brush border - delay carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption (dec post-meal spike)
GI DISTURBANCE