DM Drugs

Question 1

Rapid Acting Insulin

Answer 1

Lispro

Aspart

Glulisine

Question 2

Short Acting Insulin

Answer 2

Regular

Use in DKA

Question 3

Intermediate Acting Insulin

Answer 3

Human (NPH)

Question 4

Long-acting Insulin

Answer 4

Detemir and Glargine (large)

For basal levels

Question 5

Metformin

Answer 5

Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and inhibits actions of glucagon

MAIN SIDE EFFECT IS LACTIC ACIDOSIS

Question 6

Sulfonylureas

Answer 6

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

Glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

MOA: close K+ channels in beta cells - opens Ca++ channels - more insulin release (cannot use in type I b/c have no insulin)

Question 7

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

Answer 7

MOA: inc insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues by upregulation of PPAR - gamma (transcription factor)

“zone” - go to nuclear zone to inc transcription

WT GAIN AND FRACTURES

Question 8

Meglitinides

Answer 8

Nateglinide and repaglinide

MOA: bind K+ channels on diff site then sulfonylureas to inc insulin release from beta cells

Question 9

Exenatide, Liraglutide

Answer 9

MOA: GLP-1 Analogs - inc glucose dep insulin release; dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying

Question 10

Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin

Answer 10

MOA: DDP-4 inhibitors (normally deactivates GLP-1); also dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying

Question 11

Pramlintide

Answer 11

MOA: amylin analog to dec gastric emptying and dec glucagon

Question 12

Canagliflozin, Dapaliflozin, Etc

Answer 12

MOA: SGLT2 inhibitors; block reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubules

Block “flow” w/ flozins

GLUCOSURIA, UTIs, YEAST INFECTIONS

Question 13

Acarbose and Miglitol

Answer 13

MOA: inhibit alpha-glucosidase at intestinal brush border - delay carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption (dec post-meal spike)

GI DISTURBANCE