DM Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin

A

Lispro

Aspart

Glulisine

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2
Q

Short Acting Insulin

A

Regular

Use in DKA

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3
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin

A

Human (NPH)

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4
Q

Long-acting Insulin

A

Detemir and Glargine (large)

For basal levels

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5
Q

Metformin

A

Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and inhibits actions of glucagon

MAIN SIDE EFFECT IS LACTIC ACIDOSIS

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6
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

Glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

MOA: close K+ channels in beta cells - opens Ca++ channels - more insulin release (cannot use in type I b/c have no insulin)

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7
Q

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

A

MOA: inc insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues by upregulation of PPAR - gamma (transcription factor)

“zone” - go to nuclear zone to inc transcription

WT GAIN AND FRACTURES

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8
Q

Meglitinides

A

Nateglinide and repaglinide

MOA: bind K+ channels on diff site then sulfonylureas to inc insulin release from beta cells

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9
Q

Exenatide, Liraglutide

A

MOA: GLP-1 Analogs - inc glucose dep insulin release; dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying

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10
Q

Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin

A

MOA: DDP-4 inhibitors (normally deactivates GLP-1); also dec glucagon and dec gastric emptying

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11
Q

Pramlintide

A

MOA: amylin analog to dec gastric emptying and dec glucagon

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12
Q

Canagliflozin, Dapaliflozin, Etc

A

MOA: SGLT2 inhibitors; block reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubules

Block “flow” w/ flozins

GLUCOSURIA, UTIs, YEAST INFECTIONS

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13
Q

Acarbose and Miglitol

A

MOA: inhibit alpha-glucosidase at intestinal brush border - delay carb hydrolysis and glucose absorption (dec post-meal spike)

GI DISTURBANCE

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