Introduction to Clinical Mycology 1/10/17 TEST #1 Hanson Flashcards
What is mycology?
-Yeast and Mold
Fungi are Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
What type of fungi are part of our normal human flora?
-Candida
What is the outer portion of the fungi cell wall made of?
- Mannan
- B-glucans
- Chitin
What do we target when treating patients with fungal infections?
-Fungal Cell wall
What is the fungal cell membrane made of?
-Ergosterol
How does amphotericin (polyenes) products work?
-Insert themselves into the cell membrane (ergosterol)
Yeasts are single cell or multicellular?
-Single cell
Molds are single cell or multicellular?
-Multicellular
What are thread like filaments of molds called?
-Hyphae
When Hyphae molds interweave what are they called?
-Mycelium
What is a pseudohyphae?
-Buds stacked up on each other
What is another term for buds?
-Blastoconidia
Yeast are typically psuedohyphae or hyphae?
-Psuedohyphae
What type of yeast form true hyphae?
-Canidida albicans
Aspergillus sp. are septate or nonseptate hypha?
-Septate
Zygomycete are septate or nonseptate hypha?
-Non septate
When fungi grow through asexual state what is term that describes that?
-Anamorph
When fungi grow through a sexual state what term describes that process?
-Teleomorph
What are the pathogenic fungi found in the dimorphic/endemic state?
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii
- Histoplasma capsulatum/duboisii
- Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
- Penicillium marneffei
- Sporothrix schenckii
What are the pathogenic bacteria that are opportunistic?
- Aspergillus
- Candida * (yeast)
- Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii * (yeast)
- Mucor # (zygomyces)
- Rhizopus # (zygomyces)
- Pneumocystis jirovecii
What pathogenic fungi are cutaneous?
- Malassezia furfur *
- Epidermophyton
- Microsporum
- Trichophyton
What is a group of geographically restricted pathogens that exist as a mold when cultured at 25-30C and yeast at 35-37C called?
-Dimorphic Fungi
What are opportunistic fungi?
-Only cause disease in compromised hosts
What protects us from fungi?
- Natural barriers
- Innate immunity
- Cell mediated immunity
What are the three things done in classic microbiology diagnostic approaches?
- Direct Microscopy
- Culture
- Histopathology
What does dysphagia mean?
-Difficulty swallowing
What does Odynophagia mean?
-Painful swallowing
What is the two most common candida species?
- C. albicans
- C. glabrata
What are common infections of candidiasis?
- Thrush
- Vaginitis
- balantitis
- diaper rash
What are three drug classes to treat Candidiasis?
- Azoles (fluconazole)
- Echinocandins (caspodungin)
- polyenes (amphotericin)
