Introduction to Clinical Mycology 1/10/17 TEST #1 Hanson

Question 1

What is mycology?

Answer 1

-Yeast and Mold

Question 2

Fungi are Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic

Question 3

What type of fungi are part of our normal human flora?

Answer 3

-Candida

Question 4

What is the outer portion of the fungi cell wall made of?

Answer 4

• Mannan
• B-glucans
• Chitin

Question 5

What do we target when treating patients with fungal infections?

Answer 5

-Fungal Cell wall

Question 6

What is the fungal cell membrane made of?

Answer 6

-Ergosterol

Question 7

How does amphotericin (polyenes) products work?

Answer 7

-Insert themselves into the cell membrane (ergosterol)

Question 8

Yeasts are single cell or multicellular?

Answer 8

-Single cell

Question 9

Molds are single cell or multicellular?

Answer 9

-Multicellular

Question 10

What are thread like filaments of molds called?

Answer 10

-Hyphae

Question 11

When Hyphae molds interweave what are they called?

Answer 11

-Mycelium

Question 12

What is a pseudohyphae?

Answer 12

-Buds stacked up on each other

Question 13

What is another term for buds?

Answer 13

-Blastoconidia

Question 14

Yeast are typically psuedohyphae or hyphae?

Answer 14

-Psuedohyphae

Question 15

What type of yeast form true hyphae?

Answer 15

-Canidida albicans

Question 16

Aspergillus sp. are septate or nonseptate hypha?

Answer 16

-Septate

Question 17

Zygomycete are septate or nonseptate hypha?

Answer 17

-Non septate

Question 18

When fungi grow through asexual state what is term that describes that?

Answer 18

-Anamorph

Question 19

When fungi grow through a sexual state what term describes that process?

Answer 19

-Teleomorph

Question 20

What are the pathogenic fungi found in the dimorphic/endemic state?

Answer 20

• Blastomyces dermatitidis
• Coccidiodes immitis/ posadasii
• Histoplasma capsulatum/duboisii
• Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
• Penicillium marneffei
• Sporothrix schenckii

Question 21

What are the pathogenic bacteria that are opportunistic?

Answer 21

• Aspergillus
• Candida * (yeast)
• Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii * (yeast)
• Mucor # (zygomyces)
• Rhizopus # (zygomyces)
• Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 22

What pathogenic fungi are cutaneous?

Answer 22

• Malassezia furfur *
• Epidermophyton
• Microsporum
• Trichophyton

Question 23

What is a group of geographically restricted pathogens that exist as a mold when cultured at 25-30C and yeast at 35-37C called?

Answer 23

-Dimorphic Fungi

Question 24

What are opportunistic fungi?

Answer 24

-Only cause disease in compromised hosts

Question 25

What protects us from fungi?

Answer 25

• Natural barriers
• Innate immunity
• Cell mediated immunity

Question 26

What are the three things done in classic microbiology diagnostic approaches?

Answer 26

• Direct Microscopy
• Culture
• Histopathology

Question 27

What does dysphagia mean?

Answer 27

-Difficulty swallowing

Question 28

What does Odynophagia mean?

Answer 28

-Painful swallowing

Question 29

What is the two most common candida species?

Answer 29

• C. albicans

- C. glabrata

Question 30

What are common infections of candidiasis?

Answer 30

• Thrush
• Vaginitis
• balantitis
• diaper rash

Question 31

What are three drug classes to treat Candidiasis?

Answer 31

• Azoles (fluconazole)
• Echinocandins (caspodungin)
• polyenes (amphotericin)