4/28/17 Emerging infections Flashcards
What is an infection that naturally occurs in an insect or animal host that also can subsequently infect humans?
-Zoonotic pathogen
T/F Salmonella is a zoonotic pathgoen
True
T/F Shiga like toxin producing E. coli is not a zoonotic pathogen
False
It is
T/F Rabies is a zoonotic pathogen
True
T/F Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi (tickbite) is a zoonotic pathogen
True
T/F Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsi) is a zoonotic pathogen
True
T/F West nile virus is a zoonotic pathogen
True
What is an emerging pathogen?
- One that is new never before seen
- A known infection emerging in new hosts or geographies
- Infection that has always been there but not tested for
What virus is a new epidemic for the americas?
-Chikungunya virus
_______ of cases of chikungunya result in long-lasting relapsing arthralgia (>6 months).
> 50 %
What is the fatality rate of chickungunya?
-1/1000
What are the signs and symptoms of chickungunya?
- HIgh Fever
- Sever joint pain
- Rash
- Fatigue
- Nausea
What is the origin of chikungunya?
-Tanzania
What is the carrier for chikungunya?
-Aedes aegypti mosquito
When is IgM antibody detection for chikungunya most sensitive?
-3-5 weeks post symptoms
Where was Zika virus discovered?
-Uganda
What is the vector of Zika?
-Aedes spp. of mosquito
What is a major sign of Zika?
-Conjunctivitis
What are four mechanisms of transmission of Zika?
- Blood transfusions
- Infected mosquito bite
- Sexual transmission
- Congenital
What birth defect does Zika cause?>
-Microcephaly
Can Zika virus be transmitted directly between patients?
Yes
What is an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen?
-Cyclospora cayetanensis
What is the vector for Cyclospora cayetanensis?
-Humans
How do you diagnose Cyclospora cayetanensis?
-Stool
When cyclospora oocysts are shed are they infective?
-No they are not infective
What drug do you use to treat Cyclospora cayetanensis?
-Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
Is there direct human to human transfer of Cyclospora cayetensis
No
Where have all cases of MERS been located to?
-Arabian peninsula
How is MERS likely spread?
-Respiratory secretions
T/F Caregivers and household contacts can become infected from someone who has MERS
True
Where does MERS come from?
-Bat origin
What should you avoid to not get MERS?
- Contact with ill travelers from the Arabian Peninsula
- Camel contact
T/F MERS is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus
True
T/F Patients body fluids also are highly infective
True
What strain of Ebola is most deadly?
-Zaire
T/F You shouldn’t clean a Zika patient’s teeth until they recover
True
What are two emerging infections that are not a risk for dentistry?
- Chikungunya
- Cyclospora
T/F Most emerging infections are viral
True
What are three less pressing emerging pathogens that are not direct human to human transmission?
- Avian influenza
- Borrelia miyamotoi
- Anaplasma
- Ehrlichia
What are high risks of emerging infections in the dental setting?
MERS
- Zika
- Ebola
What are four major outbreaks of Cyclospora?
- Iowa and Nebraska
- Texas
- Texas
- Multistate
