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Host and Defense 2020 > 2/10/17 GERMAN Barriers and soluble effectors II TEST #2 > Flashcards

2/10/17 GERMAN Barriers and soluble effectors II TEST #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first complement pathway to act?

A

-Alternative pathway

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2
Q

What is the second complement pathway to act?

A

-Lectin Pathway

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3
Q

What is the third complement pathway to act?

A

-Classical pathway

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4
Q

What complement pathway has mannose-binding lectin binds to pathogen surface?

A

-Lectin pathway

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5
Q

What complement pathway has a pathogen surface that creates a local environment conducive to complement activation?

A

-Alternative pathway

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6
Q

What complement pathway has C-reactive protein or an antibody that binds to specific antigens on pathogen surfaces?

A

-Classical pathway

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7
Q

What complement protein covalently binds to surface components of the pathogen?

A

-C3b

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8
Q

When a complement protein is cleaved what size is the “a” portions?

A

-Small fragment

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9
Q

What two things activate the classical pathway?

A
  • C-reactive protein

- Antibodies

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10
Q

What complement protein initiates the classical pathway?

A

-C1q

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11
Q

What does C1q bind to?

A

-The conservative region of the antibody

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12
Q

What two types of antibodies typically activate the complement system?

A
  • IgM

- IgG

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13
Q

Does IgG or IgM bind C1q with a higher affinity?

A

-IgM

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14
Q

How many IgG’s are needed for C1q to bind?

A

-At least 2

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15
Q

When C1q is bound what does it activate?

A
  • C1r

- C1s

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16
Q

What does C1r2s2 cleave?

A

C4

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17
Q

What does the C4b bind to?

A

-C2

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18
Q

What is the lectin pathway initiated by?

A
  • Mannose Binding lectins

- Ficolins

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19
Q

What does the lectin pathway target?

A

-Pathogen cell surface carbohydrates

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20
Q

What does the MBL and Ficolins recruit?

A
  • MBL associated serine protease such as:
  • MASP-1
  • MASP-2
21
Q

What is C4b2a also known as?

A

-C3 convertase

22
Q

What is C4b2a3b also known as?

A

-C5 convertase

23
Q

What do serine proteases cleave in complement?

A

-C4

24
Q

In the lectin pathway what cleaves C2?

A

-MASP-2

25
Q

What cleaves C4 in the lectin pathway?

A

-activated MASP-2 with MBL or Ficolin

26
Q

What are the three routes of activation in the alternative pathway?

A
  • Spontaneous C3 hydrolysis
  • Properdin-pathogen binding and C3 recruitment
  • Proteolytic C3 cleavage
27
Q

What are two examples of proteolytic C3 cleavage?

A
  • Thrombin

- Clotting cascade proteases

28
Q

When C3 spontaneously changes conformation (gets cleaved) what does it expose?

A

-Thioester bond

29
Q

T/F C3 thioester bond is unstable in aqueous environments

A

True

30
Q

What are three C3 convertases?

A
  • iC3Bb
  • C3bBb
  • C4b2a
31
Q

What C3 convertase initiates the alternative pathway?

A

-iC3Bb

32
Q

What C3 convertase drives pathogen C3b opsonization?

A

-C3bBb

33
Q

What does properdin do?

A

-Bind to pathogen surfaces and recruits C3b

34
Q

What is C3b2Bb?

A

-C5 convertase

35
Q

T/F Small complement-cleavage products act on blood vessels to increase vascular permeability and cell-adhesion molecules

A

True

36
Q

C3a, C5a, and C4a are known as what?

A

-Anaphylatoxins

37
Q

What do anaphylatoxins activate?

A

-Innate immune cells

38
Q

What does opsonization do?

A

-Neutralizes pathogens and targets them for phagocytosis

39
Q

When only C3b binds to CR1 are bacteria phagocytosed?

A

-No

40
Q

What can C5a activate?

A

-Macrophages to phagocytose via CR1

41
Q

When you have C5b what does that recruit?

A
  • C6

- C7

42
Q

When you have a C5b, C6, and C7 complex what do you recruit?

A

-C8

43
Q

When you have the C5b, C6, C7, and C8 complex what do you recruit?

A

-C9 to create a pore (Membrane Attack Complex)

44
Q

What can bind do the C5b678 complex to prevent the C9 recruitment and pore formation?

A

-CD59

45
Q

Removal of what is critical in preventing complement from targeting self-cells?

A
  • C3b

- C5b

46
Q

What factors lead to C3 depletion and pathogen susceptibility?

A
  • Factor H
  • I
  • DAF
  • MCB
47
Q

What two complement proteins recruit phagocytic cells to the site of infection and promote inflammation?

A
  • C3a

- C5a

48
Q

What cleaves C4b2?

A

-C1r2s2 complex

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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