3/10/17 GERMAN T Cell Mediated Immunity TEST #3 Flashcards
What pathogens do CD4 Th2 cells target?
- Helminth
- Parasites
What pathogens do CD4Th17 cells target?
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Fungi
Are the CD8 or CD4 T cells the regulatory T cell arm?
-CD4
Are the CD8 or CD4 T cells the direct effector T cell arm?
-CD8
What is the most common T cell activator?
-Dendritic Cells
For a dendritic cell to actually do its job what needs to happen to it?
-Needs to be activated
Dendritic Cells mature through what?
-Antigen Activation
When dendritic cells take up bacterial antigen in the skin how do the move to a lymph node?
-Enter the lymphatic system
T/F Antigen presenting cells distribute differently in lymph nodes
True
How do Dendritic cells present antigen?
-Via MHC I and MHC II
T/F MHC can present self antigen
True
Which of the following do not activate MHC class II and CD4 T cells?
A) Receptor mediated endocytosis
B) Macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses
C) Viral infection
C) Viral infection
What is critical for CD8 T cell activation?
-Cross-presentation
Where are circulating Naive T cell exposed to antigens at?
-Lymph nodes
What are two ways that Naive T cells can enter a draining lymph node?
- Blood
- Afferent lymph coming from an upstream lymph node
What two types of cells help from an immune synapse?
- T cels
- Dendritic Cells
What three signals do T cells need to become activated?
- T cell Receptor
- Co-Stimulatory Molecules
- Cytokines
Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-2 leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-CD8, All Th cells
Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-4 leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-Th-2
Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-6 leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-TFH
Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-12 leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-TH1
Cytokines lead to differentiation, TGF-Beta + IL-16 + IL-23 leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-TH 17
Where is B7 expressed?
-Only on antigen presenting cells that have been activated
Cytokines lead to differentiation, TGF-Beta leads to the proliferation of what cells?
-T-reg
What does Naive T cell TCR activation in the absence of co-stimulation lead to?
-Anergy
Why is co-stimulation of T cell activation so important?
-If you get T cell activation without the B7 co-stimulator it can lead to an autoimmune disease
What two types of cells can CD8 T cells be differentiated into?
- Effector Cells
- Memory Cells
After you have T cell activation and differentiation what occurs next?
-Clonal expansion
Once you have clonal expansion in T cell activation what changes ?
-Surface protein expression
What Interleukin drives clonal expansion?
-IL-2
What type of signaling is IL-2?
-Autocrine
T/F When T cells are activated they will make their own IL-2?
-True
What inhibits continued T cell activation and proliferation?
-CTLA-4
What binds B7 with more affinity: CTLA-4 or CD28
CTLA-4
What cells will CD8 T cells kill?
-Only the cells expressing targeted peptide via MHC I
T/F There is a secondary signal necessary for activated CD8 T cell to Kill
False
-There is no secondary signal
CD8 T cells kill through what two things?
- Perforin
- Granzymes
Which protein in granules of cytotoxic T cells is a serine protease, which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm of the target cell?
-Granzymes
Which protein in granules of cytotoxic T cells aid in delivering contents of granules into the cytoplasm of target cell?
-Perforin
Which Th cell drives a cellular mediated response?
-Th 1
Which Th cell drives a humoral (antibody) mediated response?
-Th2
What three things are involved in CD4 differentiation?
- Cytokine induction
- Transcription factor
- Effector cytokines
What is the function of Th1 cells?
-Activate macrophages
What two cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH1?
- IL-12
- IFN-gamma
What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH17 cells?
- IL-16
- TGF- Beta
- IL-23
What is the function of Th17 cells?
-Enhance neutrophil response
What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH2 cells?
-IL-4
What is the function of Th2 cells?
-Activate cellular and antibody response to parasites
What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TFH cells?
- IL-6
- IL-21
What is the function of TFH cells?
-Activate B cells maturation of antibody response
What cytokines induce differentiation of Treg cells?
-TGF-Beta
What is the function of T reg cells?
-Suppress other effector T cells
Bacteria lead to the activating of what type of Th cell?
-Th1
Fungi lead to the activation of what type of Th cells?
- T reg
- Th17
Helminths lead to the activation of what type of Th cells?
-Th2
What do Th1 cells form when pathogens can not be cleared?
-Granulomas
What is a compact aggregate of leukocytes that sequester a pathogen called?
-Granuloma
Th1 cytokines _______ the induced innate response.
-Enhance
IFN-Gamma from Th1 cells activate what to destroy engulfed bacteria?
-macrophages
An activated Th1 cell creates more IL-2 that does what?
-Induce T-cell proliferation, increasing number of effector cells
Th2 cell _______ tissue protection and repair.
-Promote
What Th cells respond to prolonged extracellular infection?
-Th2
What cells do Th2 cells recruit to the site of infection?
- Mast cells
- Eosinophils
TFH cells activate ________ and Induce class switching?
-B cells
What T cells prevent autoimmunity?
-Treg cells
What two types of T cells regulate mucosal inflammation?
- Th17
- Treg
What T cell inhibit mucosal inflammation?
-Treg
Th17 cells in the gut are involved in neutrophil recruitment, but what other two functions do they have?
- Antimicrobial peptide production
- Tissue repair
If you have persistent Th17 cells in gets involved in autoimmunity what can that lead to ?
- Rhemuatoid arthiritis
- MS
- Psoriasis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
What CD4 T cells can kill another cell?
-Th1
What is the major role of CD4 Th1 cells?
-Promote inflammation
