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Host and Defense 2020 > 3/10/17 GERMAN T Cell Mediated Immunity TEST #3 > Flashcards

3/10/17 GERMAN T Cell Mediated Immunity TEST #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogens do CD4 Th2 cells target?

A
  • Helminth

- Parasites

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2
Q

What pathogens do CD4Th17 cells target?

A
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae

- Fungi

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3
Q

Are the CD8 or CD4 T cells the regulatory T cell arm?

A

-CD4

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4
Q

Are the CD8 or CD4 T cells the direct effector T cell arm?

A

-CD8

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5
Q

What is the most common T cell activator?

A

-Dendritic Cells

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6
Q

For a dendritic cell to actually do its job what needs to happen to it?

A

-Needs to be activated

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7
Q

Dendritic Cells mature through what?

A

-Antigen Activation

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8
Q

When dendritic cells take up bacterial antigen in the skin how do the move to a lymph node?

A

-Enter the lymphatic system

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9
Q

T/F Antigen presenting cells distribute differently in lymph nodes

A

True

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10
Q

How do Dendritic cells present antigen?

A

-Via MHC I and MHC II

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11
Q

T/F MHC can present self antigen

A

True

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12
Q

Which of the following do not activate MHC class II and CD4 T cells?
A) Receptor mediated endocytosis
B) Macropinocytosis of bacteria or viruses
C) Viral infection

A

C) Viral infection

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13
Q

What is critical for CD8 T cell activation?

A

-Cross-presentation

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14
Q

Where are circulating Naive T cell exposed to antigens at?

A

-Lymph nodes

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15
Q

What are two ways that Naive T cells can enter a draining lymph node?

A
  • Blood

- Afferent lymph coming from an upstream lymph node

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16
Q

What two types of cells help from an immune synapse?

A
  • T cels

- Dendritic Cells

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17
Q

What three signals do T cells need to become activated?

A
  • T cell Receptor
  • Co-Stimulatory Molecules
  • Cytokines
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18
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-2 leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-CD8, All Th cells

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19
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-4 leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-Th-2

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20
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-6 leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-TFH

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21
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, IL-12 leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-TH1

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22
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, TGF-Beta + IL-16 + IL-23 leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-TH 17

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23
Q

Where is B7 expressed?

A

-Only on antigen presenting cells that have been activated

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24
Q

Cytokines lead to differentiation, TGF-Beta leads to the proliferation of what cells?

A

-T-reg

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25
Q

What does Naive T cell TCR activation in the absence of co-stimulation lead to?

A

-Anergy

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26
Q

Why is co-stimulation of T cell activation so important?

A

-If you get T cell activation without the B7 co-stimulator it can lead to an autoimmune disease

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27
Q

What two types of cells can CD8 T cells be differentiated into?

A
  • Effector Cells

- Memory Cells

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28
Q

After you have T cell activation and differentiation what occurs next?

A

-Clonal expansion

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29
Q

Once you have clonal expansion in T cell activation what changes ?

A

-Surface protein expression

30
Q

What Interleukin drives clonal expansion?

A

-IL-2

31
Q

What type of signaling is IL-2?

A

-Autocrine

32
Q

T/F When T cells are activated they will make their own IL-2?

A

-True

33
Q

What inhibits continued T cell activation and proliferation?

A

-CTLA-4

34
Q

What binds B7 with more affinity: CTLA-4 or CD28

A

CTLA-4

35
Q

What cells will CD8 T cells kill?

A

-Only the cells expressing targeted peptide via MHC I

36
Q

T/F There is a secondary signal necessary for activated CD8 T cell to Kill

A

False

-There is no secondary signal

37
Q

CD8 T cells kill through what two things?

A
  • Perforin

- Granzymes

38
Q

Which protein in granules of cytotoxic T cells is a serine protease, which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm of the target cell?

A

-Granzymes

39
Q

Which protein in granules of cytotoxic T cells aid in delivering contents of granules into the cytoplasm of target cell?

A

-Perforin

40
Q

Which Th cell drives a cellular mediated response?

A

-Th 1

41
Q

Which Th cell drives a humoral (antibody) mediated response?

A

-Th2

42
Q

What three things are involved in CD4 differentiation?

A
  • Cytokine induction
  • Transcription factor
  • Effector cytokines
43
Q

What is the function of Th1 cells?

A

-Activate macrophages

44
Q

What two cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH1?

A
  • IL-12

- IFN-gamma

45
Q

What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH17 cells?

A
  • IL-16
  • TGF- Beta
  • IL-23
46
Q

What is the function of Th17 cells?

A

-Enhance neutrophil response

47
Q

What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TH2 cells?

A

-IL-4

48
Q

What is the function of Th2 cells?

A

-Activate cellular and antibody response to parasites

49
Q

What cytokines induce differentiation that leads to TFH cells?

A
  • IL-6

- IL-21

50
Q

What is the function of TFH cells?

A

-Activate B cells maturation of antibody response

51
Q

What cytokines induce differentiation of Treg cells?

A

-TGF-Beta

52
Q

What is the function of T reg cells?

A

-Suppress other effector T cells

53
Q

Bacteria lead to the activating of what type of Th cell?

A

-Th1

54
Q

Fungi lead to the activation of what type of Th cells?

A
  • T reg

- Th17

55
Q

Helminths lead to the activation of what type of Th cells?

A

-Th2

56
Q

What do Th1 cells form when pathogens can not be cleared?

A

-Granulomas

57
Q

What is a compact aggregate of leukocytes that sequester a pathogen called?

A

-Granuloma

58
Q

Th1 cytokines _______ the induced innate response.

A

-Enhance

59
Q

IFN-Gamma from Th1 cells activate what to destroy engulfed bacteria?

A

-macrophages

60
Q

An activated Th1 cell creates more IL-2 that does what?

A

-Induce T-cell proliferation, increasing number of effector cells

61
Q

Th2 cell _______ tissue protection and repair.

A

-Promote

62
Q

What Th cells respond to prolonged extracellular infection?

A

-Th2

63
Q

What cells do Th2 cells recruit to the site of infection?

A
  • Mast cells

- Eosinophils

64
Q

TFH cells activate ________ and Induce class switching?

A

-B cells

65
Q

What T cells prevent autoimmunity?

A

-Treg cells

66
Q

What two types of T cells regulate mucosal inflammation?

A
  • Th17

- Treg

67
Q

What T cell inhibit mucosal inflammation?

A

-Treg

68
Q

Th17 cells in the gut are involved in neutrophil recruitment, but what other two functions do they have?

A
  • Antimicrobial peptide production

- Tissue repair

69
Q

If you have persistent Th17 cells in gets involved in autoimmunity what can that lead to ?

A
  • Rhemuatoid arthiritis
  • MS
  • Psoriasis
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
70
Q

What CD4 T cells can kill another cell?

A

-Th1

71
Q

What is the major role of CD4 Th1 cells?

A

-Promote inflammation

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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