4/25/17 Organ transplantation and rejection GERMAN FINAL TEST

Question 1

What are the two types of transplantations?

Answer 1

• Solid Organ

- Blood

Question 2

What type of transplant is a donor and recipient are the same individual?

Answer 2

-Autologous

Question 3

What type of transplant is a donor and recipient are genetically identical?

Answer 3

-Syngeneic

Question 4

What type of transplant is a donor and a recipient are genetically different but of the same species?

Answer 4

-Allogenic

Question 5

What type of transplant is a donor and the recipient are of different species?

Answer 5

-Xenogeneic

Question 6

What are the three types of organ rejection?

Answer 6

• Hyperacute
• Acute
• Chronic

Question 7

What type of organ rejection occurs within minutes to hours?

Answer 7

-Hyperacute

Question 8

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in hyperacute rejection?

Answer 8

-Type II

Question 9

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in acute rejection?

Answer 9

-Type IV

Question 10

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in chronic rejection?

Answer 10

Type III

Question 11

T/F Most transplants are allogeneic

Answer 11

True

Question 12

HLA is subtype of what?

Answer 12

-MHC

Question 13

What type of organ rejection is associated with blood type alloantibodies?

Answer 13

-Hyperacute

Question 14

What type of organ rejection deals with HLA mismatches?

Answer 14

-ACute

Question 15

What is the biggest predictor of transplant success between the donor and recipient?

Answer 15

-Histobompatibility

Question 16

What are the three things that get matched in histocompatibility?

Answer 16

• Blood type
• Major HLA genes
• Minor HLA genes

Question 17

What type of organ rejection deals with CD4 and CD8 T cells?

Answer 17

-Acute

Question 18

T/F Erthrocytes express MHC I and MHC II

Answer 18

False

-They do not express MHC I and MHC II

Question 19

When donating blood what needs to be matched?

Answer 19

• Blood type

- Rhesus D antigens

Question 20

When blood is transplanted what is usually removed from blood?

Answer 20

-Leukocytes

Question 21

What are the three blood fractions that are transfused?

Answer 21

• Erythrocytes
• Plasma
• Platelets

Question 22

How often can you donate whole blood?

Answer 22

-Every 56 days

Question 23

How often can you donate plasma?

Answer 23

-Every 28 days

Question 24

How often can you donate platelets?

Answer 24

-Every 15 days

Question 25

What antigens dictate blood type and transfusion success?

Answer 25

-ABO

Question 26

If you are type O blood what types of blood will you reject?

Answer 26

- A - B - AB

Question 27

What blood antigen will accept all donations?

Answer 27

-AB +

Question 28

If your blood type is O what type of blood antibodies do you have?

Answer 28

- Anti-A | - Anti-B

Question 29

If your blood type is AB what type of blood antibodies do you have?

Answer 29

-None

Question 30

If you have type B blood what antibodies do you have?

Answer 30

-Anti-A

Question 31

What type of blood is the universal donor?

Answer 31

-Type O -

Question 32

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with blood types?

Answer 32

-Type II

Question 33

T/F Both the recipient and the donor are in a state of inflammation

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What is the only thing that needs to match during a blood type?

Answer 34

-Blood

Question 35

What needs to match during a kidney transplant?

Answer 35

- HLA | - Blood type

Question 36

What do pre-existing blood type antibodies cause?

Answer 36

-Hyperacute rejection

Question 37

If you have ABO and Rhesus incompatibility during a transplant what type of hypersensitivity reaction will occur?

Answer 37

-Type II

Question 38

Direct and Indirect ______ leads to graft rejection?

Answer 38

-Allorecognition

Question 39

CD4 and CD8 cells mediate what type of graft rejection?

Answer 39

- CD4 | - CD8

Question 40

Indirect allorecognition (the recipient DC takes up donor proteins (MHC classes) and presents them to CD4) lead to what type of rejection?

Answer 40

-Chronic

Question 41

What type of graft rejection is antibody mediated?

Answer 41

-Chronic

Question 42

In direct allorecognition what do transplant dendritic cells activate?

Answer 42

-Recipient T cells

Question 43

In direct allorecognition what makes it a direct interaction?

Answer 43

-You get direct MHC interaction occurring independent of peptide

Question 44

Allogeneic MHC activates what directly?

Answer 44

-T Cells

Question 45

What do activated transplant dendritic cells express?

Answer 45

-B7

Question 46

Antibodies against transplant MHC 1 cause what to occur?

Answer 46

-Chronic rejection

Question 47

Bone Marrow/Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantations reset what?

Answer 47

-Blood system

Question 48

T/F Bone marrow transplantations are usually autogenic and allogeneic

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Donor and recipient must share some ______ Class I and II haplotypes

Answer 49

-HLA

Question 50

What is Graft-versus-host disease?

Answer 50

-Transplant adaptive immune cells target and kill recipient tissues

Question 51

What causes acute graft-versus host disease?

Answer 51

-Donor T cells

Question 52

What can kill recipient leukemia?

Answer 52

-Alloreactive NK cells

Question 53

Cortiocsteroids suppress ____ Transcriptional activity

Answer 53

NF-kB

Question 54

What do immunosuppression drugs target?

Answer 54

-T cell activation

Question 55

What do cyclosporin and Tacrolimus inhibit?

Answer 55

-T cell activation

Question 56

What drug inhibits the co-receptor signal (binds B7)?

Answer 56

-Belatacept

Question 57

What two drugs prevent T cell survival and proliferation?

Answer 57

- Belatacept | - Anti-CD25