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Host and Defense 2020 > 4/25/17 Organ transplantation and rejection GERMAN FINAL TEST > Flashcards

4/25/17 Organ transplantation and rejection GERMAN FINAL TEST Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of transplantations?

A
  • Solid Organ

- Blood

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2
Q

What type of transplant is a donor and recipient are the same individual?

A

-Autologous

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3
Q

What type of transplant is a donor and recipient are genetically identical?

A

-Syngeneic

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4
Q

What type of transplant is a donor and a recipient are genetically different but of the same species?

A

-Allogenic

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5
Q

What type of transplant is a donor and the recipient are of different species?

A

-Xenogeneic

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6
Q

What are the three types of organ rejection?

A
  • Hyperacute
  • Acute
  • Chronic
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7
Q

What type of organ rejection occurs within minutes to hours?

A

-Hyperacute

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8
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in hyperacute rejection?

A

-Type II

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9
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in acute rejection?

A

-Type IV

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10
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is involved in chronic rejection?

A

Type III

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11
Q

T/F Most transplants are allogeneic

A

True

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12
Q

HLA is subtype of what?

A

-MHC

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13
Q

What type of organ rejection is associated with blood type alloantibodies?

A

-Hyperacute

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14
Q

What type of organ rejection deals with HLA mismatches?

A

-ACute

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15
Q

What is the biggest predictor of transplant success between the donor and recipient?

A

-Histobompatibility

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16
Q

What are the three things that get matched in histocompatibility?

A
  • Blood type
  • Major HLA genes
  • Minor HLA genes
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17
Q

What type of organ rejection deals with CD4 and CD8 T cells?

A

-Acute

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18
Q

T/F Erthrocytes express MHC I and MHC II

A

False

-They do not express MHC I and MHC II

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19
Q

When donating blood what needs to be matched?

A
  • Blood type

- Rhesus D antigens

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20
Q

When blood is transplanted what is usually removed from blood?

A

-Leukocytes

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21
Q

What are the three blood fractions that are transfused?

A
  • Erythrocytes
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
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22
Q

How often can you donate whole blood?

A

-Every 56 days

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23
Q

How often can you donate plasma?

A

-Every 28 days

24
Q

How often can you donate platelets?

A

-Every 15 days

25
Q

What antigens dictate blood type and transfusion success?

A

-ABO

26
Q

If you are type O blood what types of blood will you reject?

A
  • A
  • B
  • AB
27
Q

What blood antigen will accept all donations?

A

-AB +

28
Q

If your blood type is O what type of blood antibodies do you have?

A
  • Anti-A

- Anti-B

29
Q

If your blood type is AB what type of blood antibodies do you have?

A

-None

30
Q

If you have type B blood what antibodies do you have?

A

-Anti-A

31
Q

What type of blood is the universal donor?

A

-Type O -

32
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with blood types?

A

-Type II

33
Q

T/F Both the recipient and the donor are in a state of inflammation

A

True

34
Q

What is the only thing that needs to match during a blood type?

A

-Blood

35
Q

What needs to match during a kidney transplant?

A
  • HLA

- Blood type

36
Q

What do pre-existing blood type antibodies cause?

A

-Hyperacute rejection

37
Q

If you have ABO and Rhesus incompatibility during a transplant what type of hypersensitivity reaction will occur?

A

-Type II

38
Q

Direct and Indirect ______ leads to graft rejection?

A

-Allorecognition

39
Q

CD4 and CD8 cells mediate what type of graft rejection?

A
  • CD4

- CD8

40
Q

Indirect allorecognition (the recipient DC takes up donor proteins (MHC classes) and presents them to CD4) lead to what type of rejection?

A

-Chronic

41
Q

What type of graft rejection is antibody mediated?

A

-Chronic

42
Q

In direct allorecognition what do transplant dendritic cells activate?

A

-Recipient T cells

43
Q

In direct allorecognition what makes it a direct interaction?

A

-You get direct MHC interaction occurring independent of peptide

44
Q

Allogeneic MHC activates what directly?

A

-T Cells

45
Q

What do activated transplant dendritic cells express?

A

-B7

46
Q

Antibodies against transplant MHC 1 cause what to occur?

A

-Chronic rejection

47
Q

Bone Marrow/Hematopoietic Stem cell transplantations reset what?

A

-Blood system

48
Q

T/F Bone marrow transplantations are usually autogenic and allogeneic

A

True

49
Q

Donor and recipient must share some ______ Class I and II haplotypes

A

-HLA

50
Q

What is Graft-versus-host disease?

A

-Transplant adaptive immune cells target and kill recipient tissues

51
Q

What causes acute graft-versus host disease?

A

-Donor T cells

52
Q

What can kill recipient leukemia?

A

-Alloreactive NK cells

53
Q

Cortiocsteroids suppress ____ Transcriptional activity

A

NF-kB

54
Q

What do immunosuppression drugs target?

A

-T cell activation

55
Q

What do cyclosporin and Tacrolimus inhibit?

A

-T cell activation

56
Q

What drug inhibits the co-receptor signal (binds B7)?

A

-Belatacept

57
Q

What two drugs prevent T cell survival and proliferation?

A
  • Belatacept

- Anti-CD25

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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