3/7/17 MAYER Healthcare Associated Infection TEST #2 Flashcards
What is an infection acquired during an acute care hospitalization known as?
-Nosocomial
What are infection acquired during the course of receiving healthcare treatment?
-Healthcare Associated Infections
What is the presence or carriage of microorganisms on a body surface without causing disease known as?
-Colonization
What is an example of colonization?
-MRSA nasal carriage
What is an invasion of body tissues by microorganisms resulting in disease known as?
-Infection
What is the time frame that nosocomial infections are usually identified in?
> 48-72 hours following admission into hospital
What are the top two health associated infections?
- Pneumonia
- Surgical site infection
What is the leading organism that causes Healthcare Associated Infections?
-C. difficile
T/F E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp. with plasmids producing carbapenems lysing enzymes leave few options for therapy
True
Why are hospitalized patients at high risk for developing infections?
-Exposure to exogenous organisms
What are two places that patients get exposure to exogenous organisms from?
- Healthcare worker behavior (poor hang hygiene)
- Contaminated shared equipment
What are six organisms that you may be in direct or indirect contact with that are involved in HAIs?
- MRSA
- VRE
- CRE
- C. diff
- Norovirus
- RSV
What are droplet, splashes organisms that are involved in HAIs that you might be exposed to?
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Pertussis
- Group A strep
- H. influenza
- Influenza
- RSV
What are airborne organisms that are involved in HAIs that you might be exposed to?
- Tuberculosis
- Chicken pox
- Measles
- Influenza
- SARS
T/F Gloves are a substitute for handwashing
False
-They are not a substitute
T/F Interventions give endogenous (patients own organisms) organisms the opportunity to invade
True
What are three ways to practice infection prevention in dental settings?
- Bloodborne pathogen exposures
- Sterilization and disinfection
- Dental unit water quality
What are three bloodborne viruses that you may be exposed to in a dental setting?
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- HIV
T/F Risk of HCV transmission appears very low
True
Which hepatitis type has an effective vaccine?
-HBV
Which hepatitis type has no vaccine?
-HCV
If someone has HBV and you get stuck by a needle what precent chance to you have of getting HBV?
-30%
Does HBV have an effective post exposure treatment?
Yes
If you get a needle stick from someone who has HCV what percent chance to you have of developing HCV?
-3%
Is there an effective post exposure treatment for HIV?
-Yes
Is there an effect post exposure treatment for HCV?
NO
What percent chance do you have of getting HIV from a needle stick from someone who has HIV?
-.3%
When doing sterilization monitoring, what is a mechanical indicator?
- Measure time
- Temperature
- Preasure
When doing sterilization monitoring, what is a chemical indicator?
-Change in color when physical parameter reached
When doing sterilization monitoring, what is a biological spore test?
-Use biological spores to assess sterilization directly
What are three types of heat based sterilization?
- Steam under pressure (autoclave)
- Dry heat
- Unsaturated chemical vapor
