1/27/16 Nematollahi Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites TEST #1 Flashcards
What is symbiosis?
-An interaction between individuals of different species
What is a parasite?
-An organism that lives and feeds on or in an organism of a different species and causes harm to its host
T/F Pathogens are actually parasites
true
What is an obligatory parasite?
-Parasite that is unable to survive outside of its host
What is a facultative parasite?
-Parasite that is able to exist independent of its host
What is an endoparasite?
-Parasite that is established inside the body
What is an ectoparasite?
-Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface on its host
What type of host is where the adults and or sexual phase of a parasite occur?
-Definitive host
What is something that harbors a parasite that is also parasitic for humans, and from which humans may become infected?
-Reservoir host (intermediate host)
What are the two stages of modes of transmission?
- Infective stage
- Diagnostic stage
What are the three broad groups of parasites?
- Protozoa
- Helminths
- Arthropods
What five groups are the protozoa typically separated into?
- Amoebas
- Flagellates
- Ciliates
- Apicomplexans
- Sporozoans
How do protozoa typically divide?
-Binary fission
What are the two form of life cycles of most parasitic amoebas and flagellates?
- Trophozoites (Motile)
- Cysts (non-motile)
If a person has bad diarrhea do they have trophozoites or cysts?
-Trophozoites
If the trophozoites or cysts in the reproductive stage?
-Trophozoites
T/F Most amoebas are non-pathogenic
True
How do trophozoites of amoebas move?
-Pseudopodia
T/F
Things that are indicative of disease are always causing the disease
True
Are trophozoites or cysts infective?
-Cysts
If you see red blood inclusions in trophozoites what is that indicative of?
-Entamoeba histolytica
How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?
- Food and water
- Sexual
What is the primary known reservoir for entamoeba histolytica?
-Humans
What disease does Entabmoeba histolytica cause?
-Dysentery
What are signs of Dysentery?
-Bloody Diarrhea
What is the difference between Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolytica?
-If the trophs are relatively small then it is E. dispar
T/F Entamoeba gingivalis is an opportunistic oral pathogen
True
Is the motility of E. gingivalis fast or slow?
-Fast
When you have cytoplasmic inclusions in E. gingivalis what do you usually see?
- WBCs
- not very many RBCs
What type of pathogen is Dientamoeba fragilis?
-Intestinal flagellate
What is the infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?
-Troph
What drug do you use to treat Dientamoeba fragilis?
- Iodoquinol
- Paromomycin
- Tetracycline
- Metronidazole
How do trophozoites of flagellates move?
-Flagellum
What is a fold of the protozoas cell membrane formed when the flagellum of the protozoa betas and pulls up the membrane along the full length of the parasites body?
-Undulating membrane
Giardia is cause by what?
-Protozoas
What is the transmission of Giardia lamblia?
-Fecal/Oral route
What type of animal appears to be a source for Giardia?
-Beaver
What is a host in which the larval and/or asexual phase of a parasite occurs ?
-Intermediate host
What is a host other than the normal host that is harboring a parasite?
-Accidental/Incidental host
Parasitic infection is known as what?
-Infestation
What is the most common genito-urinary parasite?
-Trichomonas vaginalis
What is related to Trichomonas vaginalis but is an opportunistic oral pathogen?
-Trichomonas tenax
Do Trichomonas tenax have cysts?
-None known
What related species to Trichomonas vaginalis can cause periodontal disease?
-Trichomonas tenax
Can Trichomonas tenax survive passage through the stomach?
No
What are three clinical syndromes of Leishmaniasis?
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Visceral “
- Mucocutaneous “
Where does cryptosporidiosis show up at?
- Contaminated food
- Recreational water
Cysticercosis has a great concern why?
-Because it can get into the brain
Cysticercosis is under what broad group of parasite?
-Helminths
What is the most common cause of all cestode (tapeworm) infections?
-Hymenolepis nana
What broad group of parasites is echinococcus granulosus in?
-Helminths
What causes cystic hydatid disease?
-Echinococcosis
What are trematodes?
-Flukes
What is a lung species of trematodes?
-Paragonimus westermani
T/F
Clonorchiasis can cause eosinophilia
True
What causes the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
-Immature flukes migrating through hepatic parenchyma
What are symptoms of the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
- Abdominal pain
- Hepatomegaly
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Eosinophilia
T/F Paragonimiasis can cause eosinophilia
True
What are four parasites that can cause eosinophilia?
- Fascioliasis
- Echinococcosis
- Clonorchiasis
- Paragonimiasis
What causes Malaria?
-Plasmodium
What causes Leishmaniasis?
-Leishmania
What causes Chagas disease?
-Trypanosoma cruzi
What causes Babesiosis?
-Babesia microti
What causes African trypanosomiasis?
-Trypanosoma brucei …..
What are two species that are bed bugs?
- Cimex hemipterus
- Cimex lectularius
