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Host and Defense 2020 > 1/27/16 Nematollahi Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites TEST #1 > Flashcards

1/27/16 Nematollahi Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

-An interaction between individuals of different species

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2
Q

What is a parasite?

A

-An organism that lives and feeds on or in an organism of a different species and causes harm to its host

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3
Q

T/F Pathogens are actually parasites

A

true

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4
Q

What is an obligatory parasite?

A

-Parasite that is unable to survive outside of its host

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5
Q

What is a facultative parasite?

A

-Parasite that is able to exist independent of its host

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6
Q

What is an endoparasite?

A

-Parasite that is established inside the body

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7
Q

What is an ectoparasite?

A

-Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface on its host

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8
Q

What type of host is where the adults and or sexual phase of a parasite occur?

A

-Definitive host

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9
Q

What is something that harbors a parasite that is also parasitic for humans, and from which humans may become infected?

A

-Reservoir host (intermediate host)

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10
Q

What are the two stages of modes of transmission?

A
  • Infective stage

- Diagnostic stage

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11
Q

What are the three broad groups of parasites?

A
  • Protozoa
  • Helminths
  • Arthropods
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12
Q

What five groups are the protozoa typically separated into?

A
  • Amoebas
  • Flagellates
  • Ciliates
  • Apicomplexans
  • Sporozoans
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13
Q

How do protozoa typically divide?

A

-Binary fission

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14
Q

What are the two form of life cycles of most parasitic amoebas and flagellates?

A
  • Trophozoites (Motile)

- Cysts (non-motile)

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15
Q

If a person has bad diarrhea do they have trophozoites or cysts?

A

-Trophozoites

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16
Q

If the trophozoites or cysts in the reproductive stage?

A

-Trophozoites

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17
Q

T/F Most amoebas are non-pathogenic

A

True

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18
Q

How do trophozoites of amoebas move?

A

-Pseudopodia

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19
Q

T/F

Things that are indicative of disease are always causing the disease

A

True

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20
Q

Are trophozoites or cysts infective?

A

-Cysts

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21
Q

If you see red blood inclusions in trophozoites what is that indicative of?

A

-Entamoeba histolytica

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22
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

A
  • Food and water

- Sexual

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23
Q

What is the primary known reservoir for entamoeba histolytica?

A

-Humans

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24
Q

What disease does Entabmoeba histolytica cause?

A

-Dysentery

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25
What are signs of Dysentery?
-Bloody Diarrhea
26
What is the difference between Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolytica?
-If the trophs are relatively small then it is E. dispar
27
T/F Entamoeba gingivalis is an opportunistic oral pathogen
True
28
Is the motility of E. gingivalis fast or slow?
-Fast
29
When you have cytoplasmic inclusions in E. gingivalis what do you usually see?
- WBCs | - not very many RBCs
30
What type of pathogen is Dientamoeba fragilis?
-Intestinal flagellate
31
What is the infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?
-Troph
32
What drug do you use to treat Dientamoeba fragilis?
- Iodoquinol - Paromomycin - Tetracycline - Metronidazole
33
How do trophozoites of flagellates move?
-Flagellum
34
What is a fold of the protozoas cell membrane formed when the flagellum of the protozoa betas and pulls up the membrane along the full length of the parasites body?
-Undulating membrane
35
Giardia is cause by what?
-Protozoas
36
What is the transmission of Giardia lamblia?
-Fecal/Oral route
37
What type of animal appears to be a source for Giardia?
-Beaver
38
What is a host in which the larval and/or asexual phase of a parasite occurs ?
-Intermediate host
39
What is a host other than the normal host that is harboring a parasite?
-Accidental/Incidental host
40
Parasitic infection is known as what?
-Infestation
41
What is the most common genito-urinary parasite?
-Trichomonas vaginalis
42
What is related to Trichomonas vaginalis but is an opportunistic oral pathogen?
-Trichomonas tenax
43
Do Trichomonas tenax have cysts?
-None known
44
What related species to Trichomonas vaginalis can cause periodontal disease?
-Trichomonas tenax
45
Can Trichomonas tenax survive passage through the stomach?
No
46
What are three clinical syndromes of Leishmaniasis?
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis - Visceral " - Mucocutaneous "
47
Where does cryptosporidiosis show up at?
- Contaminated food | - Recreational water
48
Cysticercosis has a great concern why?
-Because it can get into the brain
49
Cysticercosis is under what broad group of parasite?
-Helminths
50
What is the most common cause of all cestode (tapeworm) infections?
-Hymenolepis nana
51
What broad group of parasites is echinococcus granulosus in?
-Helminths
52
What causes cystic hydatid disease?
-Echinococcosis
53
What are trematodes?
-Flukes
54
What is a lung species of trematodes?
-Paragonimus westermani
55
T/F | Clonorchiasis can cause eosinophilia
True
56
What causes the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
-Immature flukes migrating through hepatic parenchyma
57
What are symptoms of the acute phase of Fascioliasis?
- Abdominal pain - Hepatomegaly - Fever - Vomiting - Eosinophilia
58
T/F Paragonimiasis can cause eosinophilia
True
59
What are four parasites that can cause eosinophilia?
- Fascioliasis - Echinococcosis - Clonorchiasis - Paragonimiasis
60
What causes Malaria?
-Plasmodium
61
What causes Leishmaniasis?
-Leishmania
62
What causes Chagas disease?
-Trypanosoma cruzi
63
What causes Babesiosis?
-Babesia microti
64
What causes African trypanosomiasis?
-Trypanosoma brucei .....
65
What are two species that are bed bugs?
- Cimex hemipterus | - Cimex lectularius

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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