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Host and Defense 2020 > 1/27/16 Nematollahi Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites TEST #1 > Flashcards

1/27/16 Nematollahi Gastrointestinal parasites and ectoparasites TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

-An interaction between individuals of different species

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2
Q

What is a parasite?

A

-An organism that lives and feeds on or in an organism of a different species and causes harm to its host

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3
Q

T/F Pathogens are actually parasites

A

true

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4
Q

What is an obligatory parasite?

A

-Parasite that is unable to survive outside of its host

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5
Q

What is a facultative parasite?

A

-Parasite that is able to exist independent of its host

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6
Q

What is an endoparasite?

A

-Parasite that is established inside the body

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7
Q

What is an ectoparasite?

A

-Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface on its host

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8
Q

What type of host is where the adults and or sexual phase of a parasite occur?

A

-Definitive host

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9
Q

What is something that harbors a parasite that is also parasitic for humans, and from which humans may become infected?

A

-Reservoir host (intermediate host)

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10
Q

What are the two stages of modes of transmission?

A
  • Infective stage

- Diagnostic stage

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11
Q

What are the three broad groups of parasites?

A
  • Protozoa
  • Helminths
  • Arthropods
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12
Q

What five groups are the protozoa typically separated into?

A
  • Amoebas
  • Flagellates
  • Ciliates
  • Apicomplexans
  • Sporozoans
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13
Q

How do protozoa typically divide?

A

-Binary fission

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14
Q

What are the two form of life cycles of most parasitic amoebas and flagellates?

A
  • Trophozoites (Motile)

- Cysts (non-motile)

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15
Q

If a person has bad diarrhea do they have trophozoites or cysts?

A

-Trophozoites

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16
Q

If the trophozoites or cysts in the reproductive stage?

A

-Trophozoites

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17
Q

T/F Most amoebas are non-pathogenic

A

True

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18
Q

How do trophozoites of amoebas move?

A

-Pseudopodia

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19
Q

T/F

Things that are indicative of disease are always causing the disease

A

True

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20
Q

Are trophozoites or cysts infective?

A

-Cysts

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21
Q

If you see red blood inclusions in trophozoites what is that indicative of?

A

-Entamoeba histolytica

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22
Q

How is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

A
  • Food and water

- Sexual

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23
Q

What is the primary known reservoir for entamoeba histolytica?

A

-Humans

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24
Q

What disease does Entabmoeba histolytica cause?

A

-Dysentery

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25
Q

What are signs of Dysentery?

A

-Bloody Diarrhea

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26
Q

What is the difference between Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba histolytica?

A

-If the trophs are relatively small then it is E. dispar

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27
Q

T/F Entamoeba gingivalis is an opportunistic oral pathogen

A

True

28
Q

Is the motility of E. gingivalis fast or slow?

A

-Fast

29
Q

When you have cytoplasmic inclusions in E. gingivalis what do you usually see?

A
  • WBCs

- not very many RBCs

30
Q

What type of pathogen is Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

-Intestinal flagellate

31
Q

What is the infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

-Troph

32
Q

What drug do you use to treat Dientamoeba fragilis?

A
  • Iodoquinol
  • Paromomycin
  • Tetracycline
  • Metronidazole
33
Q

How do trophozoites of flagellates move?

A

-Flagellum

34
Q

What is a fold of the protozoas cell membrane formed when the flagellum of the protozoa betas and pulls up the membrane along the full length of the parasites body?

A

-Undulating membrane

35
Q

Giardia is cause by what?

A

-Protozoas

36
Q

What is the transmission of Giardia lamblia?

A

-Fecal/Oral route

37
Q

What type of animal appears to be a source for Giardia?

A

-Beaver

38
Q

What is a host in which the larval and/or asexual phase of a parasite occurs ?

A

-Intermediate host

39
Q

What is a host other than the normal host that is harboring a parasite?

A

-Accidental/Incidental host

40
Q

Parasitic infection is known as what?

A

-Infestation

41
Q

What is the most common genito-urinary parasite?

A

-Trichomonas vaginalis

42
Q

What is related to Trichomonas vaginalis but is an opportunistic oral pathogen?

A

-Trichomonas tenax

43
Q

Do Trichomonas tenax have cysts?

A

-None known

44
Q

What related species to Trichomonas vaginalis can cause periodontal disease?

A

-Trichomonas tenax

45
Q

Can Trichomonas tenax survive passage through the stomach?

A

No

46
Q

What are three clinical syndromes of Leishmaniasis?

A
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis
  • Visceral “
  • Mucocutaneous “
47
Q

Where does cryptosporidiosis show up at?

A
  • Contaminated food

- Recreational water

48
Q

Cysticercosis has a great concern why?

A

-Because it can get into the brain

49
Q

Cysticercosis is under what broad group of parasite?

A

-Helminths

50
Q

What is the most common cause of all cestode (tapeworm) infections?

A

-Hymenolepis nana

51
Q

What broad group of parasites is echinococcus granulosus in?

A

-Helminths

52
Q

What causes cystic hydatid disease?

A

-Echinococcosis

53
Q

What are trematodes?

A

-Flukes

54
Q

What is a lung species of trematodes?

A

-Paragonimus westermani

55
Q

T/F

Clonorchiasis can cause eosinophilia

A

True

56
Q

What causes the acute phase of Fascioliasis?

A

-Immature flukes migrating through hepatic parenchyma

57
Q

What are symptoms of the acute phase of Fascioliasis?

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Eosinophilia
58
Q

T/F Paragonimiasis can cause eosinophilia

A

True

59
Q

What are four parasites that can cause eosinophilia?

A
  • Fascioliasis
  • Echinococcosis
  • Clonorchiasis
  • Paragonimiasis
60
Q

What causes Malaria?

A

-Plasmodium

61
Q

What causes Leishmaniasis?

A

-Leishmania

62
Q

What causes Chagas disease?

A

-Trypanosoma cruzi

63
Q

What causes Babesiosis?

A

-Babesia microti

64
Q

What causes African trypanosomiasis?

A

-Trypanosoma brucei …..

65
Q

What are two species that are bed bugs?

A
  • Cimex hemipterus

- Cimex lectularius

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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