2/9/17 SMITH Antimicrobial IV TEST #2

Question 1

What are antimetabolites involved in?

Answer 1

-Folate synthesis

Question 2

What is PABA?

Answer 2

-Key intermediate in the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid

Question 3

What enzyme do sulfonamides inhibit?

Answer 3

-Dihydropteroate synthetase

Question 4

What enzyme do Trimethoprim inhibit?

Answer 4

-Dihydrofolate reductase

Question 5

What are two key Antimetabolite drugs?

Answer 5

• Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

- Trimethoprim (TMP)

Question 6

What drug is structurally similar enough to PABA to compete for and inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase?

Answer 6

-Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

Question 7

What drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid?

Answer 7

-Trimethoprim (TMP)

Question 8

T/F Humans lack the enzymes needed to convert PABA to tetrahydrofolic acid

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T/F Bacterial growth is selectively inhibited via folate deficiency

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F The higher the dose of the sulfamethoxazole the quicker it can outcompete and bind to enzyme

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What sulfonamide antibiotic is short acting and only given topically?

Answer 11

-Silver sulfadiaxine

Question 12

How is sulfamethoxazole given?

Answer 12

-Orally

Question 13

Sulfamethoxazole bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 13

-Bacteriostatic

Question 14

T/F sulfamethoxazole is usually prescribed alone

Answer 14

False

-It is usually prescribed with something else

Question 15

What does sulfadiazine inhibit?

Answer 15

-Dihydropteroate synthetase

Question 16

Sulfadizaine is given how and for what?

Answer 16

-Oral monotherapy for UTIs and burns

Question 17

What is silver sulfadiazine given?

Answer 17

-Topically

Question 18

What drug do you use to prevent and treat infections related to skin burns or superficial wounds?

Answer 18

-Silver sulfadiazine

Question 19

What are two adverse effects of sulfadiazine and silver sulfadizaine?

Answer 19

• Sulfa-hypersensitivity

- photosensitivity

Question 20

What is a major adverse effect of Trimethoprim?

Answer 20

-Pseudomembranous colitis (C diff overgrowth)

Question 21

Trimethoprim Bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Answer 21

-Bacteriostatic

Question 22

What drug treats marrow poorly (bone marrow suppression)?

Answer 22

-Trimethoprim

Question 23

What drug do you get if you combine TMP and SMX?

Answer 23

-Cotrimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

Question 24

T/F The combination of TMP and SMX is more effective than either individual components

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the drug of choice for treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci (carini) pneumonia?

Answer 25

-Cotrimoxazole

Question 26

T/F Cotrimoxazole is a time-dependent bactericidal drug

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F the combination of TMP and SMX provides 2 step blockade of folate synthesis

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are two other medical uses for Cotrimoxazole besides treatment for pneumocystis?

Answer 28

• Gram + aerobes (recurrent UTIs)

- H. Influenzae (Respiratory and otitis)

Question 29

What was the first sulfonamide drug?

Answer 29

-Prontosil

Question 30

What does a prodrug require?

Answer 30

-Bioactivation (the body converts the drug to its active state)

Question 31

What was the most consequential mass poisoning in the United states in the 20th century?

Answer 31

-Elixir sulfanilamide tragedy

Question 32

What was added in the elixir sulfanilamide that made it sweet?

Answer 32

-Diethylene glycol