4/13/17 Intro to TB SPIVAK TEST #3 Flashcards
What is the worldwide prevalence of TB?
-33 %
What is the only known reservoir of M. tuberculosis?
-Humans
How is TB spread?
-Aerosolized droplets released from coughing, sneezing, talking, singing
How long can TB droplets be suspended in the air?
-Hours
In high prevalence setting of TB how many people are infected per one individual with active TB?
-20
What are the four outcomes of TB exposure?
- Clearance
- Latent infection
- Primary disease
- Reactivation disease
What outcome of TB leads to no infection?
-Clearance
What outcome of TB leads to infection without symptoms?
-Latent infections
What outcome of TB exposure leads to infection with immediate symptoms?
-Primary disease
What outcome of TB exposure leads to development of symptoms months to years after latent infection?
-Reactivation
Most adults will contain what type of TB infections?
-Primary
T/F Latent TB infection is asymptomatic
True
T/F Primary TB is common in children < 4 and immune compromised
True
What is the highest risk of reactivating latent TB?
-HIV
Most adults who have had primary infection have what percent chance of having reactivated TB?
- 10 %
How is MTB ingested?
-Alveolar macrophages
What is the pathologic hallmark of MTB infection?
-Granuloma formation
Where does MTB replicate?
-Inside macrophages
What are the symptoms of latent TB?
-None
What are the pulmonary symptoms of active TB?
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- lung collapse
- chest pain
T/F Fevers, fatigue, and weight loss with night sweats are associated with TB
True
What are the two types of tests for Latent TB?
- PPD
- IGRA
T/F You should use a PPD or IGRA to test for active TB
False
-to test for active TB you look at exposure history, clinical signs and symptoms, and imaging findings
What drug do you use to treat latent TB?
-Isoniazid
What is MDR (Multi-drug resistant) TB resistant to?
-Resistant to INH and RIF
What is XDR TB resistant to?
-INH, RIF, all fluoroquinolones and any injectable
What is the most powerful known risk for reactivating latent TB?
-HIV
What is the most common cause of AIDS mortality?
TB
