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Host and Defense 2020 > Bacteriology: 1/12/17 Mulvey TEST #1 > Flashcards

Bacteriology: 1/12/17 Mulvey TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What shape of bacteria is spherical?

A

-Cocci

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2
Q

What shape of bacteria is rods?

A

-Bacilli

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3
Q

What shape of bacteria is comma-shaped, S-shaped, or spiral shaped?

A

-Spiral forms

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4
Q

What shape of bacteria is indistinct?

A

-Pleomorphic

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5
Q

What is an example of diplococcis bacteria?

A
  • Neisseria

- Moraxella catarrhalis

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6
Q

What is an example of streptococci bacteria?

A

-Sterptococci

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7
Q

What is an example of a tetrad bacteria?

A

-Micrococcus luteus

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8
Q

What is an example of sarcinae bacteria?

A

-Sacina

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9
Q

What is an example of a staphylococci bacteria?

A

-Staphylococcus aureus

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10
Q

What type of bacteria is a whooping cough agent?

A

-coccobacillus (Bordetella pertussis)

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11
Q

What type of bacteria gives rat bite fever (sodoku)?

A

-Spirilium (Spirillum sp.)

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12
Q

What type of bacteria causes lyme disease?

A

-Spirochete

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13
Q

What type of chromosomes do bacteria usually have?

A

-Single circular chromosomes that are haploid

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14
Q

T/F

Bacteria may have plasmids

A

True

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15
Q

T/F

Bacteria have internal organelles and a nucleus.

A

False they have neither

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16
Q

What type of ribosomes do bacteria have?

A

70S

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17
Q

What is the mode of replication of bacteria?

A

-Binary fission

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18
Q

What is the preparation phase of growing bacteria?

A

-Lag phase

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19
Q

What is the actual growing phase of bacteria?

A

-Log phase (exponential)

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20
Q

What is the phase where bacteria have used all their resources?

A

-Stationary phase

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21
Q

What are three places that biofilms can form?

A
  • Environment
  • Medical devices
  • Body surfaces
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22
Q

T/F

Bacteria in bioflims are often refractory to antibiotic treatments and protected from host defenses.

A

True

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23
Q

What is biofilm development often regulated by?

A

-Quorum sensin

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24
Q

What do gram + cell walls have?

A

-Thick layer of peptidoglycan

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25
Q

What do gram - cell walls have?

A

-Thin layer of peptidoglycan with two cell wall membranes

26
Q

What type of bacteria has no cell wall?

A

-Mycoplasm

27
Q

What types of bacteria are acid-fast bacteria?

A
  • Mycobacteria

- Nocardia

28
Q

What are three functions of the bacterial cell wall?

A
  • cell shape
  • control influx and efflux of material
  • protect against osmotic lysis
29
Q

What does lysozyme and many antibiotics target in bacteria?

A

-Cell wall

30
Q

How are bacteria recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems?

A

-ligands on the cell wall

31
Q

What is embedded in the peptidoglycan layers in a gram + cell membrane?

A
  • Teichoic acid

- lipoteichoic acid

32
Q

T/F

Lipoteichoic acids are unique to gram + bacteria

A

True

33
Q

If peptidoglycan is bound but what two things can it stimulate an inflammatory response?

A
  • PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor)

- (TLR2) Toll like receptor 2

34
Q

What are peptidoglycan structures cleaved by?

A

-Lysozyme

35
Q

What anchors the peptidoglycan layer of gram - bacteria to the outer membrane?

A

-Lipoprotein

36
Q

What is the outside side of the outer membrane of gram - bacteria made of?

A

-LPS

37
Q

Why is the Lipid A portion of LPS important?

A

-It is bound by a PRR (TLR4) and stimulates an inflammatory response

38
Q

What do ureaplasma and mycoplasma require to stabilize its cell membrane?

A

-Sterols

39
Q

If you treated the mycoplasma bacteria with something that targets the peptidoglycan layer what would happen?

A

-The mycoplasma would be resistance

40
Q

Where do you find the electron transport chains in bacteria?

A

-Cell wall

41
Q

What is a phototroph?

A

-Use light to generate energy

42
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

-Use chemicals to generate energy

43
Q

What is a hetertroph?

A

-Use organ (carbon) sources

44
Q

Most medically important bacteria are what?

A

-Chemoheterotrophs

45
Q

What are gram - obligate aerobes?

A
  • Neisseria
  • Pseudomonas
  • Bordetella
  • Legionella
  • Brucella
46
Q

Microaerophilic does not have any electron transport systems but they do have what that allows them to tolerate some oxygen?

A

-Superoxide Dismutase

47
Q

What is a gram + microaerophilic bacteria?

A

-Streptococcus

48
Q

What type of gram - secretion systems deliver proteins like toxins, siderophores to the extracellular environment?

A
  • Type I
  • Type II
  • Type V
49
Q

What type of gram - secretion systems can inject factors directly into target host cells?

A
  • Type III
  • Type IV
  • Type VI
  • Type VII
50
Q

What promotes bacteria dissemination within host environments and facilitates chemotaxis towards or away from specific stimuli?

A

-Bacterial Flagella

51
Q

What makes bacterial flagella highly antigenic?

A

-H antigen

52
Q

What is peritrichous flagella?

A

-Flagella located evenly around the bacterium

53
Q

What is monotrichous flagella?

A

-One flagella at the end of the bacterium

54
Q

What is lophotrichous flagella?

A

-Multiple flagella at one end of the bacterium

55
Q

What is amphitrichous flagella?

A

-One flagella at each end of the bacterium

56
Q

T/F

Flagella can be present with the periplasmic space

A

True

57
Q

What are bacterial adhesion proteins often associated with?

A

-Hair like fibers called pili or fimbriae

58
Q

Type IV pili are implicated in what?

A
  • Conjugation
  • DNA binding/uptake
  • motility
59
Q

What are capsules?

A

-Layers of polysaccharide associated with the bacterial surface

60
Q

What are the antibodies specific for capsule?

A

-K antigen

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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