Bacteriology: 1/12/17 Mulvey TEST #1 Flashcards
What shape of bacteria is spherical?
-Cocci
What shape of bacteria is rods?
-Bacilli
What shape of bacteria is comma-shaped, S-shaped, or spiral shaped?
-Spiral forms
What shape of bacteria is indistinct?
-Pleomorphic
What is an example of diplococcis bacteria?
- Neisseria
- Moraxella catarrhalis
What is an example of streptococci bacteria?
-Sterptococci
What is an example of a tetrad bacteria?
-Micrococcus luteus
What is an example of sarcinae bacteria?
-Sacina
What is an example of a staphylococci bacteria?
-Staphylococcus aureus
What type of bacteria is a whooping cough agent?
-coccobacillus (Bordetella pertussis)
What type of bacteria gives rat bite fever (sodoku)?
-Spirilium (Spirillum sp.)
What type of bacteria causes lyme disease?
-Spirochete
What type of chromosomes do bacteria usually have?
-Single circular chromosomes that are haploid
T/F
Bacteria may have plasmids
True
T/F
Bacteria have internal organelles and a nucleus.
False they have neither
What type of ribosomes do bacteria have?
70S
What is the mode of replication of bacteria?
-Binary fission
What is the preparation phase of growing bacteria?
-Lag phase
What is the actual growing phase of bacteria?
-Log phase (exponential)
What is the phase where bacteria have used all their resources?
-Stationary phase
What are three places that biofilms can form?
- Environment
- Medical devices
- Body surfaces
T/F
Bacteria in bioflims are often refractory to antibiotic treatments and protected from host defenses.
True
What is biofilm development often regulated by?
-Quorum sensin
What do gram + cell walls have?
-Thick layer of peptidoglycan
What do gram - cell walls have?
-Thin layer of peptidoglycan with two cell wall membranes
What type of bacteria has no cell wall?
-Mycoplasm
What types of bacteria are acid-fast bacteria?
- Mycobacteria
- Nocardia
What are three functions of the bacterial cell wall?
- cell shape
- control influx and efflux of material
- protect against osmotic lysis
What does lysozyme and many antibiotics target in bacteria?
-Cell wall
How are bacteria recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems?
-ligands on the cell wall
What is embedded in the peptidoglycan layers in a gram + cell membrane?
- Teichoic acid
- lipoteichoic acid
T/F
Lipoteichoic acids are unique to gram + bacteria
True
If peptidoglycan is bound but what two things can it stimulate an inflammatory response?
- PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor)
- (TLR2) Toll like receptor 2
What are peptidoglycan structures cleaved by?
-Lysozyme
What anchors the peptidoglycan layer of gram - bacteria to the outer membrane?
-Lipoprotein
What is the outside side of the outer membrane of gram - bacteria made of?
-LPS
Why is the Lipid A portion of LPS important?
-It is bound by a PRR (TLR4) and stimulates an inflammatory response
What do ureaplasma and mycoplasma require to stabilize its cell membrane?
-Sterols
If you treated the mycoplasma bacteria with something that targets the peptidoglycan layer what would happen?
-The mycoplasma would be resistance
Where do you find the electron transport chains in bacteria?
-Cell wall
What is a phototroph?
-Use light to generate energy
What is an autotroph?
-Use chemicals to generate energy
What is a hetertroph?
-Use organ (carbon) sources
Most medically important bacteria are what?
-Chemoheterotrophs
What are gram - obligate aerobes?
- Neisseria
- Pseudomonas
- Bordetella
- Legionella
- Brucella
Microaerophilic does not have any electron transport systems but they do have what that allows them to tolerate some oxygen?
-Superoxide Dismutase
What is a gram + microaerophilic bacteria?
-Streptococcus
What type of gram - secretion systems deliver proteins like toxins, siderophores to the extracellular environment?
- Type I
- Type II
- Type V
What type of gram - secretion systems can inject factors directly into target host cells?
- Type III
- Type IV
- Type VI
- Type VII
What promotes bacteria dissemination within host environments and facilitates chemotaxis towards or away from specific stimuli?
-Bacterial Flagella
What makes bacterial flagella highly antigenic?
-H antigen
What is peritrichous flagella?
-Flagella located evenly around the bacterium
What is monotrichous flagella?
-One flagella at the end of the bacterium
What is lophotrichous flagella?
-Multiple flagella at one end of the bacterium
What is amphitrichous flagella?
-One flagella at each end of the bacterium
T/F
Flagella can be present with the periplasmic space
True
What are bacterial adhesion proteins often associated with?
-Hair like fibers called pili or fimbriae
Type IV pili are implicated in what?
- Conjugation
- DNA binding/uptake
- motility
What are capsules?
-Layers of polysaccharide associated with the bacterial surface
What are the antibodies specific for capsule?
-K antigen
