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Host and Defense 2020 > 2/2/17 SMITH Antimicrobials II TEST #1 > Flashcards

2/2/17 SMITH Antimicrobials II TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Once the initiation complex is in place, the large ribosomal subunit assembles onto the small subunit and the initiation proteins disassociate.

A

True

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2
Q

What is the human cells closely resemble bacterial ribosomes?

A

-Mitochondrial ribosomes

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3
Q

What are the three big targets for protein synthesis inhibitors?

A
  • 50S subunit
  • 30S subunit
  • tRNA synthetase
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4
Q

T/F Even at normal doses the protein synthesis antimicrobials are not selective between human mitochondrial ribosomes and bacterial ribosomes

A

False

They are normally selective for bacterial ribosomes

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5
Q

Where site does initiation occur in a ribosome?

A

-A site

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6
Q

Where does elongation occur in a ribosome?

A

-P site

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7
Q

T/F At high doses of protein synthesis antimicrobials toxicity occurs because selectivity is reduced

A

True

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8
Q

What are the 5 Aminoglycosides?

A
  • Gentamycin
  • amikacin
  • Tobramycin
  • Streptobycin
  • Neomycin
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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the aminoglycosides?

A

-Bind to the 30s ribosomal subunit

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10
Q

What are three consequences of binding a drug to the 30s ribosomal subunit?

A
  • blocked initiation of mRNA translation
  • premature termination of mRNA translation
  • misreading of the mRNA
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11
Q

What is the oldest aminoglycoside and has a high level of bacterial resistance?

A

-Streptomycin (IM and IV)

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12
Q

What is the most commonly prescribed aminoglycoside?

A

-Gentamycin (IV preferred)

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13
Q

What has the broadest spectrum of all aminoglycosides?

A

-Amikacin (IM and IV)

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14
Q

What aminoclycoside drugs has excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

-Tobramycin (IM and IV)

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15
Q

What aminoglycoside Drug is used primarily as topical for skin infections?

A

-Neomycin (topical only)

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16
Q

What protein synthesis antimicrobial drug is used primarily to treat infections caused by aerobic Gram - bacteria?

A

-Aminoglycosides

17
Q

Are aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

-Bactericidal (Once Daily dosing)

18
Q

What type of drugs are aminoglycosides?

A

-Type I (concentration dependent)

19
Q

Aminoglycosides are usually given IV or IM but the exception is what?

A

-Neomycin (topical)

20
Q

What are four adverse effects of aminoclycosides?

A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Neuromusclar paralysis
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Teratogenic
21
Q

What groups of people are at most risk for the adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A
  • Elderly
  • Impaired renal function
  • Septic patients
  • Previous exposure to aminoglycisides
22
Q

What are four Tetracycline drugs?

A
  • Tetracyclin
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
  • Tigecycline
23
Q

What do tetracyclines target?

A

-Inhibit 30s subunit by blocking access of amino acyl-tRNA

24
Q

What is the main clinical use for tetracyclines?

A

-Treatment of acne vulgaris

25
Q

Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

-Bacteriostatic

26
Q

T/F

If resistant to one TTC, then resistant to all TTC

A

True

-Except Tigeclycine

27
Q

What type of protein synthesis antimicrobial concentrates in Ca2+ hydroxyapetite teeth/ bones?

A

Tetracycline

28
Q

What type of protein synthesis antimicrobial has oral absorption altered by dairy, iron supplements or antacids?

A

-Tetracyclines

29
Q

What type of protein synthesis antimicrobial has an adverse effect known as Disulfuram-like effect when taken while drinking alcohol?

A

-Tetracyclines

30
Q

What are three superinfections that can occur as an adverse effect from tetracyclines?

A
  • Candida
  • Staphylococci
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
31
Q

What are two oral adverse effects of TTCs?

A
  • Hairy tongue

- Deposition of bone and primary dentition (discolor teeth)

32
Q

What drug was developed to overcome TTC-resistance in complicated skik soft tissue, and intra-abdominal infections?

A

-Tigecycline

33
Q

What is the Safest antimicrobial drug?

A

-Macrolides (ketolides)

34
Q

What are three macrolide drugs?

A
  • Erythromycin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Azithromycin

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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