4/7/17 The Immune response in Time and Space GERMAN TEST #3 Flashcards
What part of the immune response deals with activating macrophages and dendritic cells?
-Induced innate response
What part of the immune response deals with B and T cell activation and differentiation?
-Adaptive immune response
What part of the immune response deals with antibody production by plasma cells?
-Adaptive immune response
What part of the immune response deals with acute phase and interferon response?
-Induced innate response
What part of the immune response deals with CD8 T cell cytotoxicity?
-Adaptive immune response
What part of the immune response deals with Neutrophil infiltration?
-Induced innate response
What part of the immune response deals with NK cell response?
-Induced Innate
What part of the immune response deals with complement?
-Immediate innate response
What part of the immune response deals with Antimicrobial peptides?
-Immediate inate response
Where is complement produced?
-Liver
What is the name of the phase when the liver makes complement?
-Acute phase response driven by IL-6
What type of cell do you normally find in intraepithelial lymphocytes?
-Gamma:Delta T cells
What induced the epithelial tissue to release alpha or beta defensins?
-Th17 cells via cytokines IL-22 and IL-17
What type of peptides are lysozymes, lactoferrins, and defensins?
-Antimicrobial peptides
What releases antimicrobial peptides?
-Barriers
Where do most of the innate immune cells reach maturity at?
-Bone marrow
What do NK cells get educated to do?
-Recognize MHC
If there is no MHC present on the cell an NK cell finds what happens to that cell?
-It is killed
How long does it take for a single lymphocyte to circulate through the body?
-24 hours
Where are most infections stopped?
- Epithelial
- Mucosal Surfaces
T/F mucosal cells recruit neutrophils immediately for an infection
False
-They do not recruit neutrophils
What does an exudate contain?
- Complement
- Antimicrobial proteins
What pro-inflammatory cytokines activates vascular endothelium and activates lymphocytes?
-IL-1B
What pro-inflammatory cytokine activates vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability?
-TNF-Alpha
What pro-inflammatory cytokine activates lymphocytes and increases antibody production?
-IL-6
What pro-inflammatory cytokines is a chemotactic factor that recruits neutrophils, basophils, and T cells to site of infection?
-CXCL8
What pro-inflammatory cytokine activates NK cells and induces the differentiation of CD4 T cells into Th1 cells?
-IL-12
What do inflammatory cytokines stimulate?
-The liver to produce acute phase response
When IL-6 concentrations are increased what acute phase proteins are increased?
- C-reactive protein
- Mannose-binding lectins
- LPS binding protein
- Complement components
- Fibrinogen (coagulation factors)
What types of immune cells swarm to damaged or infected tissue?
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
When does the interferon response occur?
-When infection establishes
T/F The Interferon response induces resistance to viral replication in all cells
True
T/F Gamma:Delta T cells are also APCs
True
What two cell types release perforins and granzymes?
- CD8
- NK cells
How long does it take for antigens to enter the lymph nodes?
-Minutes
How many days does it take for the Egression of effector cells from a lymph node to occur?
-3-4 days
What two cells form the cognate pair at the follicle boundary?
-B and T cells
When TFH cells aid in B cell activation and it stimulates B cell proliferation what occurs?
-It induces centroblasts formation
The primary focus for expansion of antigen-activated B cells is in what area?
-Medullary cords
The secondary focus for expansion of antigen-activated B cells is where?
-Primary follicle
What are the four effector function of antibodies secreted from plasma cells?
- Virus and toxin neutralization
- Opsonization
- Complement fixation
- Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated cytotoxicity
As the adaptive immune system improves over time what is the major antibody that is released?
-IgG
The inhibition of peripheral Th17 cells induce what?
-T reg cell development
When IFN-gamma is released from Th1 cells what does it do?
-Inhibit TH2 proliferation
An activated Th2 cell secretes TGF Beta and IL-10, what do these Cytokines inhibit?
-Activation and growth of Th1 cells