2/23/17 TEST #2 GERMAN B cells: Antibodies and Diversity

Question 1

What is the main job of B cells?

Answer 1

-Produce antibodies

Question 2

What do the antibodies produced affect?

Answer 2

-Extracellular pathogens

Question 3

What do B cells target?

Answer 3

-One antigen epitope

Question 4

T/F B Cells have infinite target diversity

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is a plasma cell?

Answer 5

-Fully differentiated form of B cell that secretes antibodies

Question 6

T/F B cells do not undergo clonal selection and expansion

Answer 6

False

-They do undergo

Question 7

Once B cells have been activated what happens to the targeting?

Answer 7

-It improves

Question 8

What do the first three phases of B cell production take place?

Answer 8

-Bone marrow

Question 9

What occurs in the first phase of B cell production?

Answer 9

-Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors

Question 10

What occurs in Phase 2 of B cell production?

Answer 10

-Elimination or inactivation of B-cell receptors that bind to components of the human body (- selection)

Question 11

What is Phase 3 of B cell production?

Answer 11

-Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues (+ selection)

Question 12

T/F Antibodies are glycoproteins

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What are four effector functions of produced antibodies?

Answer 13

• Receptors
• Neutralization
• Opsonization
• Signaling

Question 14

What are two cells that produced antibodies have receptor functions for?

Answer 14

• B cells

- Granulocytes

Question 15

What are the three sources of antigen diversity?

Answer 15

• Genetic recombination
• Junctional diversity
• Somatic hypermutation

Question 16

Are the antigen binding sites the variable or constant region?

Answer 16

-Variable region

Question 17

What two chains do you find on an antibody?

Answer 17

• Heavy Chain

- Light Chain

Question 18

T/F Isotype determines antibody class

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the five isotypes of the Heavy chain of the antibody?

Answer 19

• IgG
• IgA
• IgM
• IgE
• IgD

Question 20

What chain on the antibody binds the antigen?

Answer 20

-Heavy chain and light chain

Question 21

What are the two isotypes of the light chain antibodies?

Answer 21

• Kappa

- Lambda

Question 22

What region of the antibody does complement interact with?

Answer 22

-Conservative region

Question 23

When you cleave antibodies with proteases what are the products?

Answer 23

• 2 Fab fragment

- 1 Fc fragment

Question 24

What two antibody classes interact with a J chain?

Answer 24

• IgM

- IgA

Question 25

When the IgM interacts with the J chain what multimeric complex forms?

Answer 25

-Pentameric IgM

Question 26

When the IgA interacts with the Jchain what multimeric complex forms?

Answer 26

-Dimeric IgA

Question 27

What are IgD really good at doing?

Answer 27

-Sensitization of basophils

Question 28

What antibodies go out into the tissues in a response?

Answer 28

-IgG

Question 29

What two antibodies are good at activating complement?

Answer 29

- IgM | - IgG

Question 30

What does IgG do well?

Answer 30

- Neutralization - Opsonization - Sensitization for killing by NK cells - Diffusion into extravascular sites - Activation of complement

Question 31

What does IgA do well?

Answer 31

- Neutralization | - Transport across epithelium

Question 32

What does IgE do well?

Answer 32

-Sensitization of mast cells

Question 33

What is an antigen?

Answer 33

-A molecule recognized by a B cell or T cell

Question 34

What is an epitope?

Answer 34

-The region of an antigen bound by an antibody or MHC/TCR

Question 35

T/F Antibody structure facilitates function

Answer 35

True

Question 36

In the bone marrow what causes changes in antibody structure?

Answer 36

-Gene rearrangement

Question 37

In secondary lymphoid organs and circulation what causes changes in antibody structure?

Answer 37

- Somatic hypermutation | - Isotype Switching

Question 38

What is always formed during Somatic Hypermutation and Isotype Switching?

Answer 38

- IgD | - IgM

Question 39

What are antibody genes assembled from?

Answer 39

-Fragmented Segments

Question 40

What are the four segments of the heavy chain?

Answer 40

- Variable - Diversity - Joining - Constant

Question 41

What is the first two regions selected for antibody diversity?

Answer 41

- Junctional region | - Variable region

Question 42

The RAG complex randomly pairs what?

Answer 42

Gene segments

Question 43

What grabs and combines the different portions of the genome for antibodies?

Answer 43

- RAG 1 | - RAG 2

Question 44

What is the order to create the Heavy chain?

Answer 44

-Vh-Dh-Jh----> Vh - DJh---->VDJh

Question 45

What is the order to create the Light chain?

Answer 45

-VL-JL--->VJL

Question 46

When is junctional diversity created?

Answer 46

-Recombination

Question 47

How many antigen binding regions are there per B cell?

Answer 47

one

Question 48

T/F B cells can express all ab isotypes

Answer 48

True

Question 49

When you do an Isotype switch is it permanent?

Answer 49

-Yes with one exception when you have both the IgD and IgM expressed

Question 50

What are the two isotypes that are expressed first?

Answer 50

- IgM (1st) | - IgD (2nd)

Question 51

What does the Fc receptor bind?

Answer 51

-Conserved regions

Question 52

What antibodies acts as the B cell receptors?

Answer 52

- IgA | - IgB

Question 53

Genetic recombination variability for B cells is caused by what?

Answer 53

-Splicing

Question 54

What is Junctional diversity?

Answer 54

-Add random nucleotides between these genetic section made during recombination

Question 55

What is it called when multiple antibodies targeted against the same antigen?

Answer 55

-Polyclonal

Question 56

What is called when a single antibody targeted against a single antigen?

Answer 56

-Monoclonal

Question 57

What are three diagnostic tools that antibodies provide?

Answer 57

- Pathogen Identification - Protein quantification - Cellular identification

Question 58

What are three therapeutic tools that antibodies provide?

Answer 58

- Targeted killing - Chemical delivery - Immunomodulatory