4/4/17 Anaerobes and Biofilms BUXTON TEST #3 Flashcards
What are organisms that do not require oxygen for life and reproduction?
-Anaerobes
What type of organisms growth is directly impaired due to the presence of oxygen?
-Obligate Anerobes
T/F Many obligate anaerobes lack protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutases and peroxidases.
True
What type of biproducts do anaerobes make?
-Volatile and foul-smelling metabolic byproducts
What type of bacterial species are notorious in the environment due to survival of their spores?
-Clostridium (exogenous species)
When you think of environmental or exogenous species what are the main ones you think of?
-Clostridium
Endogenous species are mostly what type of organisms?
-Anerobic
Anaerobic infections, including many clostridia are seeded from what normal endogenous flora locations?
- Mouth,
- Vagina,
- Bowel,
- Skin (deep in pores)
What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Fusobacterium?
-Oral
What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Propionibacterium?
-Skin
What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Lactobacillus?
-Vagina
What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Bacteroides fragilis?
-Colon
What part of the endogenous flor location do you find Bacteroides sp.
-Colon
What part of the endogenous flora do you find Prevotella bivia?
-Vagina
What part of the endogenous flora do you find Veilonella?
-Oral
What part of the endogenous flora do you find actinomyces?
-Oral
What part of the endogenous flor do you find Porphyromonas and Prevotella?
-Oral
If you do a blood culture and find actinomyces as the main bacteria where might you look for the wound?
-Orally
Trauma allows anaerobes of the indegenous microflora or soil to gain acess where?
-Deeper tissues
What are four predispsoing factors that can lead to anaerobic colonies?
- Trauma to mucous membranes or skin
- Vascular stasis
- Tissue necrosis
- Decrease of redox potential
T/F Anaerobes generally require shorter incubation periods in the laboratory
False
-Longer incubation
T/F Anaerobic infections are usually isolated colonies
False
-They are usually mised
What is unique about Clostridium species?
-They are spore forming gram-positive rods
What species of clostridium causes tetanus?
C. tetani
What species of Clostridium causes Gas gangrene?
-C. Perfringenes
What is the gram stain of Actinomyces (burrowing animals)?
-non-spore forming gram + rod
What organisms causes chronic, granulomatous, infectious disease with sinus tracts and fistulae, which erupt to the surface and drain pus containing “sulfur granules”?
-Actinomyces
What is the gram stain of Propionibacterium?
-non-spore forming gram + rods
What non-spore forming gram + rod lives on your skin and respiratory flora?
-Propionibacterium
What type of non-spore forming gram + rod is found in acne pustules?
-Propionibacterium
What is the gram stain of Mobiluncus?
-Non-spore forming gram + rod
What is the gram stain of Peptostreoptococcus?
-Gram + cocci
What organism is usually found in abscess in the brain or lungs that arise from misplaced oral flora?
-Peptostreptococcus
What is the gram stain of Veilonella species?
-Gram - cocci
What organism accounts for about 70% of clinically significant anaerobic bacteremias?
-Bacteroides
What are three treatment options for anaerobic infections?
- Create an environment in which anaerobes cannot proliferate
- Arrest the spread of anaerobes via antimicrobials
- Neutralize toxins
T/F Biofilm surface can be abiotic or living tissue
True
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within seconds?
-Attachment
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within minutes?
-Irreversible binding
Cells are sessile in what biofilm formation stage?
-Irreversible binding
What are the two types of cells you find in biofilms?
- Planktonic
- Sessile
What traps planktonic bacteria in biofilm formations?
-EPS
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs in days?
-Thickness/maturation-2
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within several days?
-Dispersion
What are the three layers to mature biofilms?
- Outer
- Intermediate
- Innermost
Which layer of the mature biofilm has the most exposure to nutrients?
-Outer
Which layer of the mature biofilms has the metabolisms that is down-regulated, but still using nutrients and exchanging genes?
-Intermediate
Which layer of the mature biofilm contains persisiter cells?
-Innermost
Which layer of the mature biofilm is the most active?
-Outer
Which layer of the mature biofilm is the earliest and least active?
-Innermost
What cell type in a biofilm is free living?
-Planktonic
Which cell type in a biofilm is attached and participating in the biofilm community?
-Sessile
What cell type in biofilms are metabolically inert and present in all biofilms?
-Persister
What cell type in biofilms resist environmental stress, including antibiotics?
-Persister
What cell type in biofilms are possibly able to disable apoptosis?
-Persister
T/F Biofilms provide a physical barrier to your immune system
True
What are the primary colonizers on dental biofilm formation?
- Strep mutans
- Actinomyces
- EPS
- Pili and adhesion molecules
What are the bridge bacteria involved in dental biofilm?
-Fusobacterium
What are the late colonizers involved in dental biofilm?
- Strep salivarius
- Proponibacterium
- Prevotella
- Veillonella
- Selenomonas
What gram stain of organisms are usually found in the oral cavity with good oral hygiene?
-Gram +
If plaque remains undisturbed on teeth for several days what gram stain of organisms will you find in the oral cavity?
- Facultative gram - bacilli
- Spirochetes
What are four main pathogens found in patients with poor oral hygiene?
- P. gingivalis
- B. Forsythia
- A. actinomycetemcomitans
- T. denticola
What do the main pathogens found in patients with poor oral hygiene cause?
-Gingivitis
What type of spread occurs with dental bacteria?
-Hematogenous spread
Where can the hematogenous spread of dental bacteria go?
- Heart valves
- Prosthetic joints
