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Host and Defense 2020 > 3/2/17 GERMAN B Cell Development TEST #2 > Flashcards

3/2/17 GERMAN B Cell Development TEST #2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F B cells are stockpiled an not constantly replaced

A

False

-B cells are not stockpiled and constantly replaced

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2
Q

What is the Phase one in the B Cell life?

A

-Generation of diverse and clonally expressed B-cell receptors in bone marrow

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3
Q

What is Phase 2 in the B cell life?

A

-Alteration, elimination or inactivation of B-Cell receptors that bind to components of the human body (negative selection)

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4
Q

What is Phase 3 in the B cell life?

A

-(occurs in the bone marrow and periphery) Promotion of a fraction of immature B cells to become mature B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues (Positive selection)

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5
Q

What is Phase 4 in the B cell life?

A

-Recirculation of mature B cells between lymph, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissues (searching for infection)

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6
Q

What is Phase 5 in the B cell life?

A

-Activation and clonal expansion of B cells by pathogen derived antigens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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7
Q

What is Phase 6 in the B cell life?

A

-Differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells in secondary lymphoid tissue (Attacking infection)

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8
Q

What is the half life of a B-cell once it matures?

A

-50-100 days

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9
Q

What does Phase 3.5 to Phase 6 occur in the B cell life?

A

-Periphery

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10
Q

What class of antibody is an immature B cell?

A
  • IgM (1st)

- IgD (2nd)

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11
Q

When you have an antigen activated B lymphoblast what occurs?

A
  • Isotype switching that leads to antibody-secreting plasma cells
  • Clonal expansion
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12
Q

What is the first stage in B cell development that you get rearrangement of the heavy chain?

A

-Early pro-B cell

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13
Q

What two things occur in the Pro-B cell stages that are involved in rearrangement

A
  • Junctional Diversity

- Genetic Recombination

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14
Q

What is the checkpoint between the Pro B cell and the Pre B cell?

A

-A Functional heavy chain

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15
Q

What is the checkpoint between the pre B cells and immature B cell?

A

-Functional light chain

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16
Q

What chain is rearranged in the pre B-cell stage?

A

-Light chain

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17
Q

T/F Stromal cells express adhesion molecules and growth factors

A

True

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18
Q

T/F B cell receptor expression does not change with progression through developmental stages

A

False

-It changes with progression

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19
Q

If you don’t produce a functional heavy chain (pro-B cell) what happens to the B cell?

A

-It dies

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20
Q

What happens with the RAG proteins in the early pro-B cell?

A

-RAG proteins are activated

21
Q

What happens with the regions on the heavy chain in the early PRO-B cell stage?

A

-Heavy chain D and J segments joined

22
Q

T/F In the early pro-B cell the rearrangement occurs on both chromosomes

A

True

23
Q

In the late Pro-B cell what heavy chain segments join?

A

-Heavy chain V and DJ segments join

24
Q

T/F Pre-B Cell Receptor signaling causes the transition from Pro to Pre B cell

A

True

25
Q

What does the VDJ produce?

A

-Pre-BCR

26
Q

Where is the Pre-BCR expressed?

A

-ER

27
Q

What does the Pre-BCR allow the heavy chain to do?

A

-interact to the Ig-Alpha and Ig-Beta

28
Q

When the heavy chain interacts with what does it pass a checkpoint clearance?

A

-Ig-Beta

29
Q

When you have Ig-Beta signaling you have three things that occur, What are they?

A
  • Turns off RAG proteins
  • Initiates cell division
  • Allelic exclusion
30
Q

What is allelic exclusion?

A

-It is when a functional heavy chain is produced by only one chromosome

31
Q

What does the Late pro-B cell become?

A

-Large pre-B cell

32
Q

What is responsible for initiating light chain rearrangement?

A

-Pre-B cells

33
Q

When you go from the Large pre-B cell to the small pre-B cell what occurs?

A
  • Cell division
  • RAG genes reactivated
  • Unique recombination
34
Q

How many recombination attempts are possible per chromosome in the light chain?

A

-4-5

35
Q

What are the two types of chromosome genes on the light chain?

A
  • Lambda

- Kappa

36
Q

After you have the heavy chain and light chain rearrangement what must you have to not experience apoptosis?

A

-A B-cell receptor via (Ig alpha and Ig Beta)

37
Q

If an immature B-cell doesn’t react with a self antigen what happens?

A

-It is released into the blood

38
Q

What are the two types of tolerance of B-cells

A
  • Central tolerance (occurs in the Bone marrow)

- Peripheral tolerance (occurs outside the bone marrow)

39
Q

What are the three fates of a B cell that bound self cells?

A
  • Light Chain reorganization to try and become functional
  • Apoptosis
  • Anergy (Still alive but shut down all signaling and activating process)
40
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

-Secondary lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, GALTS)

41
Q

How do immature B cells enter into they lymphoid tissues?

A

-High Endothelial venule

42
Q

What two chemokines attract B cells into the lymph node?

A
  • CCL 21

- CCL 19

43
Q

Interactions with what cells drives the maturation of immature B cells?

A

-Follicular dendritic cells

44
Q

What two things are involved in positive selection for a B cell?

A
  • Lymph node localization

- BAFF signaling

45
Q

Where are B cells activated?

A

-Lymphoid tissues

46
Q

When the B cell interacts with T cells and becomes activated what occurs?

A

-Migration, secondary lymphoid follicle formation, and clonal expansion

47
Q

What occurs in the Germinal centers?

A

-Plasma cell production and antibody secretion

48
Q

What do Dysfunctional B cell developments cause?

A

-Cancers

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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