2/21/17 BUXTON Gastroenteritis TEST #2 Flashcards
What syndromes is gastroenteritis applied to?
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
What is the leading cause of childhood death in developing countries?
-Diarrheal disease
What do we worry about most with Diarrhea?
-Dehydration
Who is most likely to get Diarrheal disease?
-Children
What is the normal gastric pH?
4 or less
At normal gastric pH over 99.9% of the ingested coliform bacteria are killed within how many minutes?
-30
What is the primary #1 (anaerobe) in the normal enteric microflora?
-Bacteroidesa fragilis
What is the primary #1 (facultative) normal enteric microflora?
-Escherichia coli
Toxins are microbial virulence factors. What are the three toxin microbial virulence factors?
- Neurotoxins
- Enterotoxins
- Cytotoxins
What type of toxins are usually ingested as preformed toxins that cause enteric symptoms?
-Neurotoxins (food poisoning)
What do neurotoxins have their effect on?
-Central autonomic nervous system
What are three organisms that release neurotoxins?
- Staph aureus
- Bacillus cereus
- Clostridium botulinum
What type of toxins have a direct effect on the intestinal mucosa to cause fluid secretion?
-Enterotoxins
What do enterotoxins cause an alteration in the intestinal epithelial cells?
-Metabolic activity
What do enterotoxins result in?
-Outpouring of electrolytes and fluid primarily in the jejunum
What are seven organisms that release enterotoxins?
- Vibrio cholerae
- Noncholera Vibrio
- E. coli
- Salmonella
- Clostridium perfingens
- Shigella dystenariae
- Bacillus cereus
What type of toxin is responsible for the mucosal destruction?
-Cytotoxins
What do cytotoxins often result in?
-Inflammatory colitits
What are cytotoxins generally referred to as?
-Dysentery
T/F Cytotoxins happen almost exclusively in the colon.
True
What are seven organisms that release cytotoxins?
- Shigella dysenteriae
- C perfringens
- Vibrio parahemolyticus
- S. aureus
- C. diff
- Camplybacter jejuni
- E. coli
T/F Many enteric pathogens produce more than one type of toxin.
True
What are three microbial virulence factors?
- Toxins
- Attachment
- Invasiveness
What four organisms are involved in the attachment of microbial virulence factors?
- E. coli
- Giardia lamblia
- Cryptosporidium
- Isospora
What do the attachment virulence factors destroy?
-The ability of cells to participate in normal secretion and absorption
T/F The capacity of organisms such as Shigella and certain invasive strains of E. coli to invade and destroy epithelial cells, primarily in the colon, is responsible for the inflammatory or dysenteric diarrhea they cause.
True
It is estimated that 84% of all food-borne disease in the Us are cause by what?
- Viruses
- Bacteria
What are the leading causes of bacterial food borne diseases in the US?
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Salmonella spp.
What are three places you can get staphylococcus aureus from for food poisoning?
- Meats
- Milk products
- Food handlers
What is primarily caused by Clostridium perfringnenes?
-Gas gangrene
What are three places you will find C. perfringenes for food poisoning?
- Meats
- Soil
What are five places you will find salmonella for food poisoning?
- Poultry
- Eggs
- Meats
- Milk
- Produce
What are two places you will find Shigella for food poisoning?
- Produce
- Direct fecal/oral
What are four places you will find Campylobacter for food poisoning?
- Water
- Raw Milk
- Poultry
- Pets
Where will you find Vibrio parahaemolyticus (most common non cholerae) that causes food poisoning?
-Raw or undercooked Seafood
T/F Shigella is typically human to human passage
True
If you have bloody diarrhea with pus what might be causing that?
-Shigella
What are three places you will find Bacillus cereus that causes food poisoning?
- Rice
- Meat
- Vegetables (dirt)
What are two places that you will find Aeromonas hydrophilia that cause food poisoning?
- Water
- Water sports
What are two places that you will find Vibrio cholera that cause food poisoning?
- Water
- Contaminated food
What are three places you will find (Shigella Like Toxins) E coli that cause food poisoning?
- Beef
- Raw Milk
- Produce
What are three places you will find Listeria monocytogenes that cause food poisoning?
- Soft cheeses
- Unpasturized milk
- Deli meats
What type of gram is Listeria monocytogenes?
-Gram + rod
T/F Listeria monocytogenes can damage the fetus
True
Why should you beware of off-season fruits and vegetables?
-It can be a source of food borne infection
Why should you beware of exotic pets (reptiles (can contain salmonella) and birds)?
-It can be an unusual source of food borne infections
What is the most rapid onset (minutes) of diarrheal symptoms caused by?
-Hysteria reaction
What type of organisms take minutes to hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?
- Bacillus cereus
- Staph aureus
- Chemicals
- Heavy metals
- Shellfish toxins
What type of organisms take several hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?
- Botulism
- Clostridium perfringenes
What type of organisms take a day or slightly longer to cause the diarrheal symptoms?
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Campylobacter
- Yersenia enterocolitica
- Viruses
What type of organisms take days to weeks for the diarrheal symptoms to be present?
- C. diff
- Giardia
- Amoeba
What is the most important treatment of diarrhea?
-Replace fluid
When should antibiotics be avoided in cases of diarrhea?
-If uncomplicated cases of non-typhoid Salmonella
T/F Antibiotics should be avoided for Shigella and cholera.
False
-They may be used
What does Erythromycin eradicate in diarrheal disease?
-Carriage of C. jejuni
T/F Antibiotics have no value for Staph, V. cereus, and C. perfingens food poisoning
True
