2/21/17 BUXTON Gastroenteritis TEST #2

Question 1

What syndromes is gastroenteritis applied to?

Answer 1

• Diarrhea

- Vomiting

Question 2

What is the leading cause of childhood death in developing countries?

Answer 2

-Diarrheal disease

Question 3

What do we worry about most with Diarrhea?

Answer 3

-Dehydration

Question 4

Who is most likely to get Diarrheal disease?

Answer 4

-Children

Question 5

What is the normal gastric pH?

Answer 5

4 or less

Question 6

At normal gastric pH over 99.9% of the ingested coliform bacteria are killed within how many minutes?

Answer 6

-30

Question 7

What is the primary #1 (anaerobe) in the normal enteric microflora?

Answer 7

-Bacteroidesa fragilis

Question 8

What is the primary #1 (facultative) normal enteric microflora?

Answer 8

-Escherichia coli

Question 9

Toxins are microbial virulence factors. What are the three toxin microbial virulence factors?

Answer 9

• Neurotoxins
• Enterotoxins
• Cytotoxins

Question 10

What type of toxins are usually ingested as preformed toxins that cause enteric symptoms?

Answer 10

-Neurotoxins (food poisoning)

Question 11

What do neurotoxins have their effect on?

Answer 11

-Central autonomic nervous system

Question 12

What are three organisms that release neurotoxins?

Answer 12

• Staph aureus
• Bacillus cereus
• Clostridium botulinum

Question 13

What type of toxins have a direct effect on the intestinal mucosa to cause fluid secretion?

Answer 13

-Enterotoxins

Question 14

What do enterotoxins cause an alteration in the intestinal epithelial cells?

Answer 14

-Metabolic activity

Question 15

What do enterotoxins result in?

Answer 15

-Outpouring of electrolytes and fluid primarily in the jejunum

Question 16

What are seven organisms that release enterotoxins?

Answer 16

• Vibrio cholerae
• Noncholera Vibrio
• E. coli
• Salmonella
• Clostridium perfingens
• Shigella dystenariae
• Bacillus cereus

Question 17

What type of toxin is responsible for the mucosal destruction?

Answer 17

-Cytotoxins

Question 18

What do cytotoxins often result in?

Answer 18

-Inflammatory colitits

Question 19

What are cytotoxins generally referred to as?

Answer 19

-Dysentery

Question 20

T/F Cytotoxins happen almost exclusively in the colon.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are seven organisms that release cytotoxins?

Answer 21

• Shigella dysenteriae
• C perfringens
• Vibrio parahemolyticus
• S. aureus
• C. diff
• Camplybacter jejuni
• E. coli

Question 22

T/F Many enteric pathogens produce more than one type of toxin.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are three microbial virulence factors?

Answer 23

• Toxins
• Attachment
• Invasiveness

Question 24

What four organisms are involved in the attachment of microbial virulence factors?

Answer 24

• E. coli
• Giardia lamblia
• Cryptosporidium
• Isospora

Question 25

What do the attachment virulence factors destroy?

Answer 25

-The ability of cells to participate in normal secretion and absorption

Question 26

T/F The capacity of organisms such as Shigella and certain invasive strains of E. coli to invade and destroy epithelial cells, primarily in the colon, is responsible for the inflammatory or dysenteric diarrhea they cause.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

It is estimated that 84% of all food-borne disease in the Us are cause by what?

Answer 27

- Viruses | - Bacteria

Question 28

What are the leading causes of bacterial food borne diseases in the US?

Answer 28

- Campylobacter jejuni | - Salmonella spp.

Question 29

What are three places you can get staphylococcus aureus from for food poisoning?

Answer 29

- Meats - Milk products - Food handlers

Question 30

What is primarily caused by Clostridium perfringnenes?

Answer 30

-Gas gangrene

Question 31

What are three places you will find C. perfringenes for food poisoning?

Answer 31

- Meats | - Soil

Question 32

What are five places you will find salmonella for food poisoning?

Answer 32

- Poultry - Eggs - Meats - Milk - Produce

Question 33

What are two places you will find Shigella for food poisoning?

Answer 33

- Produce | - Direct fecal/oral

Question 34

What are four places you will find Campylobacter for food poisoning?

Answer 34

- Water - Raw Milk - Poultry - Pets

Question 35

Where will you find Vibrio parahaemolyticus (most common non cholerae) that causes food poisoning?

Answer 35

-Raw or undercooked Seafood

Question 36

T/F Shigella is typically human to human passage

Answer 36

True

Question 37

If you have bloody diarrhea with pus what might be causing that?

Answer 37

-Shigella

Question 38

What are three places you will find Bacillus cereus that causes food poisoning?

Answer 38

- Rice - Meat - Vegetables (dirt)

Question 39

What are two places that you will find Aeromonas hydrophilia that cause food poisoning?

Answer 39

- Water | - Water sports

Question 40

What are two places that you will find Vibrio cholera that cause food poisoning?

Answer 40

- Water | - Contaminated food

Question 41

What are three places you will find (Shigella Like Toxins) E coli that cause food poisoning?

Answer 41

- Beef - Raw Milk - Produce

Question 42

What are three places you will find Listeria monocytogenes that cause food poisoning?

Answer 42

- Soft cheeses - Unpasturized milk - Deli meats

Question 43

What type of gram is Listeria monocytogenes?

Answer 43

-Gram + rod

Question 44

T/F Listeria monocytogenes can damage the fetus

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Why should you beware of off-season fruits and vegetables?

Answer 45

-It can be a source of food borne infection

Question 46

Why should you beware of exotic pets (reptiles (can contain salmonella) and birds)?

Answer 46

-It can be an unusual source of food borne infections

Question 47

What is the most rapid onset (minutes) of diarrheal symptoms caused by?

Answer 47

-Hysteria reaction

Question 48

What type of organisms take minutes to hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

Answer 48

- Bacillus cereus - Staph aureus - Chemicals - Heavy metals - Shellfish toxins

Question 49

What type of organisms take several hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

Answer 49

- Botulism | - Clostridium perfringenes

Question 50

What type of organisms take a day or slightly longer to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

Answer 50

- Salmonella - Shigella - Vibrio parahaemolyticus - Campylobacter - Yersenia enterocolitica - Viruses

Question 51

What type of organisms take days to weeks for the diarrheal symptoms to be present?

Answer 51

- C. diff - Giardia - Amoeba

Question 52

What is the most important treatment of diarrhea?

Answer 52

-Replace fluid

Question 53

When should antibiotics be avoided in cases of diarrhea?

Answer 53

-If uncomplicated cases of non-typhoid Salmonella

Question 54

T/F Antibiotics should be avoided for Shigella and cholera.

Answer 54

False | -They may be used

Question 55

What does Erythromycin eradicate in diarrheal disease?

Answer 55

-Carriage of C. jejuni

Question 56

T/F Antibiotics have no value for Staph, V. cereus, and C. perfingens food poisoning

Answer 56

True