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Host and Defense 2020 > 2/21/17 BUXTON Gastroenteritis TEST #2 > Flashcards

2/21/17 BUXTON Gastroenteritis TEST #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What syndromes is gastroenteritis applied to?

A
  • Diarrhea

- Vomiting

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of childhood death in developing countries?

A

-Diarrheal disease

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3
Q

What do we worry about most with Diarrhea?

A

-Dehydration

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4
Q

Who is most likely to get Diarrheal disease?

A

-Children

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5
Q

What is the normal gastric pH?

A

4 or less

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6
Q

At normal gastric pH over 99.9% of the ingested coliform bacteria are killed within how many minutes?

A

-30

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7
Q

What is the primary #1 (anaerobe) in the normal enteric microflora?

A

-Bacteroidesa fragilis

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8
Q

What is the primary #1 (facultative) normal enteric microflora?

A

-Escherichia coli

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9
Q

Toxins are microbial virulence factors. What are the three toxin microbial virulence factors?

A
  • Neurotoxins
  • Enterotoxins
  • Cytotoxins
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10
Q

What type of toxins are usually ingested as preformed toxins that cause enteric symptoms?

A

-Neurotoxins (food poisoning)

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11
Q

What do neurotoxins have their effect on?

A

-Central autonomic nervous system

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12
Q

What are three organisms that release neurotoxins?

A
  • Staph aureus
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Clostridium botulinum
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13
Q

What type of toxins have a direct effect on the intestinal mucosa to cause fluid secretion?

A

-Enterotoxins

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14
Q

What do enterotoxins cause an alteration in the intestinal epithelial cells?

A

-Metabolic activity

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15
Q

What do enterotoxins result in?

A

-Outpouring of electrolytes and fluid primarily in the jejunum

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16
Q

What are seven organisms that release enterotoxins?

A
  • Vibrio cholerae
  • Noncholera Vibrio
  • E. coli
  • Salmonella
  • Clostridium perfingens
  • Shigella dystenariae
  • Bacillus cereus
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17
Q

What type of toxin is responsible for the mucosal destruction?

A

-Cytotoxins

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18
Q

What do cytotoxins often result in?

A

-Inflammatory colitits

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19
Q

What are cytotoxins generally referred to as?

A

-Dysentery

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20
Q

T/F Cytotoxins happen almost exclusively in the colon.

A

True

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21
Q

What are seven organisms that release cytotoxins?

A
  • Shigella dysenteriae
  • C perfringens
  • Vibrio parahemolyticus
  • S. aureus
  • C. diff
  • Camplybacter jejuni
  • E. coli
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22
Q

T/F Many enteric pathogens produce more than one type of toxin.

A

True

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23
Q

What are three microbial virulence factors?

A
  • Toxins
  • Attachment
  • Invasiveness
24
Q

What four organisms are involved in the attachment of microbial virulence factors?

A
  • E. coli
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Cryptosporidium
  • Isospora
25
Q

What do the attachment virulence factors destroy?

A

-The ability of cells to participate in normal secretion and absorption

26
Q

T/F The capacity of organisms such as Shigella and certain invasive strains of E. coli to invade and destroy epithelial cells, primarily in the colon, is responsible for the inflammatory or dysenteric diarrhea they cause.

A

True

27
Q

It is estimated that 84% of all food-borne disease in the Us are cause by what?

A
  • Viruses

- Bacteria

28
Q

What are the leading causes of bacterial food borne diseases in the US?

A
  • Campylobacter jejuni

- Salmonella spp.

29
Q

What are three places you can get staphylococcus aureus from for food poisoning?

A
  • Meats
  • Milk products
  • Food handlers
30
Q

What is primarily caused by Clostridium perfringnenes?

A

-Gas gangrene

31
Q

What are three places you will find C. perfringenes for food poisoning?

A
  • Meats

- Soil

32
Q

What are five places you will find salmonella for food poisoning?

A
  • Poultry
  • Eggs
  • Meats
  • Milk
  • Produce
33
Q

What are two places you will find Shigella for food poisoning?

A
  • Produce

- Direct fecal/oral

34
Q

What are four places you will find Campylobacter for food poisoning?

A
  • Water
  • Raw Milk
  • Poultry
  • Pets
35
Q

Where will you find Vibrio parahaemolyticus (most common non cholerae) that causes food poisoning?

A

-Raw or undercooked Seafood

36
Q

T/F Shigella is typically human to human passage

A

True

37
Q

If you have bloody diarrhea with pus what might be causing that?

A

-Shigella

38
Q

What are three places you will find Bacillus cereus that causes food poisoning?

A
  • Rice
  • Meat
  • Vegetables (dirt)
39
Q

What are two places that you will find Aeromonas hydrophilia that cause food poisoning?

A
  • Water

- Water sports

40
Q

What are two places that you will find Vibrio cholera that cause food poisoning?

A
  • Water

- Contaminated food

41
Q

What are three places you will find (Shigella Like Toxins) E coli that cause food poisoning?

A
  • Beef
  • Raw Milk
  • Produce
42
Q

What are three places you will find Listeria monocytogenes that cause food poisoning?

A
  • Soft cheeses
  • Unpasturized milk
  • Deli meats
43
Q

What type of gram is Listeria monocytogenes?

A

-Gram + rod

44
Q

T/F Listeria monocytogenes can damage the fetus

A

True

45
Q

Why should you beware of off-season fruits and vegetables?

A

-It can be a source of food borne infection

46
Q

Why should you beware of exotic pets (reptiles (can contain salmonella) and birds)?

A

-It can be an unusual source of food borne infections

47
Q

What is the most rapid onset (minutes) of diarrheal symptoms caused by?

A

-Hysteria reaction

48
Q

What type of organisms take minutes to hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

A
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Staph aureus
  • Chemicals
  • Heavy metals
  • Shellfish toxins
49
Q

What type of organisms take several hours to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

A
  • Botulism

- Clostridium perfringenes

50
Q

What type of organisms take a day or slightly longer to cause the diarrheal symptoms?

A
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  • Campylobacter
  • Yersenia enterocolitica
  • Viruses
51
Q

What type of organisms take days to weeks for the diarrheal symptoms to be present?

A
  • C. diff
  • Giardia
  • Amoeba
52
Q

What is the most important treatment of diarrhea?

A

-Replace fluid

53
Q

When should antibiotics be avoided in cases of diarrhea?

A

-If uncomplicated cases of non-typhoid Salmonella

54
Q

T/F Antibiotics should be avoided for Shigella and cholera.

A

False

-They may be used

55
Q

What does Erythromycin eradicate in diarrheal disease?

A

-Carriage of C. jejuni

56
Q

T/F Antibiotics have no value for Staph, V. cereus, and C. perfingens food poisoning

A

True

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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