4/11/17 Antiviral pharmacology SMITH TEST #3

Question 1

What is it known as when during the reproduction process, antigens on newly formed viruses may evolve single or few mutation that reduce the host’s immune system’s ability to recognize the virus?

Answer 1

-Antigenic drift

Question 2

If antigenic drift changes are significant or frequent enough, that leads to viral resistance developing and may lead to an epidemic what is that known as?

Answer 2

-Antigenic shift

Question 3

What type of drug is an inhibitor of viral uncoating (M2) protein?

Answer 3

-Amantadine

Question 4

What type of drug is an inhibitor of viral translation by inhibition of RNA polymerase?

Answer 4

-Ribavarin

Question 5

What type of drug is a neuroaminidase inhibitor that prevents viral release?

Answer 5

• Zanamivir

- Oseltamivir

Question 6

What does Foscarnet inhibit?

Answer 6

-DNA polymerase

Question 7

What types of drugs are inhibitors of viral transcription via inhibition of DNA polymerase?

Answer 7

• Cyclovirs

- Foscarnet

Question 8

Which type of herpes simplex virus is associated with oral herpes?

Answer 8

-HSV-1 (type I)

Question 9

What type of herpes simplex virus is associated with genital herpes?

Answer 9

-HSV-2 (type 2)

Question 10

Where does HSV-1 also known as fever blisters or cold sores typically reside?

Answer 10

-Trigeminal ganglia

Question 11

Which type of viral drugs deal with herpes virus?

Answer 11

-Inhibition of DNA polymerase (cylcovirs and foscarnet)

Question 12

Influenza is what type of virus?

Answer 12

-RNA-encoded virus

Question 13

Where does HSV-2 typically reside?

Answer 13

-Sacral ganglia

Question 14

What is HHV-3?

Answer 14

VZV (chickenpox and shingles)

Question 15

What is the primary infection of VZV known as?

Answer 15

-Chickenpox

Question 16

What is the reactivation/recurrent infection of VZV known as?

Answer 16

-Shingles

Question 17

Chicken pox is contagious for how long?

Answer 17

-7-10 days or until all lesions are gone

Question 18

T/F If a person has singles they may develop postherpetic neuralgia (pain lasting longer than a month)

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are some common triggers for reactivation of latent herpes viruses?

Answer 19

• Stress
• Fatigue
• Sun exposure
• surgery
• fever
• Menstrual periods
• Immunocompromised
• Immunosenescence (getting older immune system goes down)

Question 20

Is a canker sore contagious?

Answer 20

-No

Question 21

Is a cold sore contagious and if so how?

Answer 21

-Yes, skin to skin contact with an active cold sore blister

Question 22

What drug is primarily prescribe for HSV but is less active against VZV?

Answer 22

-Acyclovir

Question 23

T/F Acyclovir is 10X more potent against VZV that against HSV-1 and HSV-2

Answer 23

False

-It is 10x more potent against HSV-1 and HSV-2

Question 24

What drug is converted to acyclovir that results in serum levels that are 3-5x greater than oral acyclovir and is used orally only?

Answer 24

-Valacyclovir

Question 25

What cyclovir drug is applied topically only due to poor oral absorption and is used for orofacial or genital HSV related sores?

Answer 25

-Penicyclovir

Question 26

What cyclovir drug is metabolized to pencyclovir?

Answer 26

-Famcyclovir

Question 27

What is famcyclovir mainly used for?

Answer 27

-VZV infections

Question 28

Place in order of greatest to least efficacy for VZV: Valacyclovir, Famicyclovir, Acyclovir

Answer 28

-Famiciclovir-----Valacyclovir------Acyclovir

Question 29

T/F Patients must always hydrate well while on any cyclovir drug to avoid crystalline nephropathy

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What cyclovir drug is used for prophylaxis or treatment of CMV or HHV-6 infections

Answer 30

-Gancylcovir

Question 31

What are two major contraindications for using gancyclovir?

Answer 31

- Pregnancy | - Males who wish to bear children

Question 32

What drug is approved for treatment of CMV and viral induced retinitis in immunocompromised patients and is useful in Acyclvir or gancyclovir resistant HSV or CMV infections?

Answer 32

-Foscarnet

Question 33

How is foscarnet given?

Answer 33

IV only

Question 34

What drug is the most commonly used and available for prophylaxis or treatment of influenza A and B viruses?

Answer 34

-Oseltamivir (tamiflu)

Question 35

What flu strands is oseltamivir active against?

Answer 35

-Influenze A and B

Question 36

Early administration of oseltamivir is crucial, it may not eliminate you getting the flue but it cuts the duration down by how much?

Answer 36

-1-2 days

Question 37

What is Zanamivir used for?

Answer 37

-Treatment and prophylaxis of Influenza A and B

Question 38

What anti-flu drug is available as an inhaler only an is also active against influenza A and B?

Answer 38

-Zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 39

Who is Zanamivir contraindicated for?

Answer 39

- Asthma patients | - COPD or allergies to milk proteins

Question 40

What flu drug is only active against influenza A?

Answer 40

-Amantadine

Question 41

T/F Amantadine is no longer used as an antiviral due to nearly 100% resistance of influenza A

Answer 41

True