4/11/17 Antiviral pharmacology SMITH TEST #3 Flashcards
What is it known as when during the reproduction process, antigens on newly formed viruses may evolve single or few mutation that reduce the host’s immune system’s ability to recognize the virus?
-Antigenic drift
If antigenic drift changes are significant or frequent enough, that leads to viral resistance developing and may lead to an epidemic what is that known as?
-Antigenic shift
What type of drug is an inhibitor of viral uncoating (M2) protein?
-Amantadine
What type of drug is an inhibitor of viral translation by inhibition of RNA polymerase?
-Ribavarin
What type of drug is a neuroaminidase inhibitor that prevents viral release?
- Zanamivir
- Oseltamivir
What does Foscarnet inhibit?
-DNA polymerase
What types of drugs are inhibitors of viral transcription via inhibition of DNA polymerase?
- Cyclovirs
- Foscarnet
Which type of herpes simplex virus is associated with oral herpes?
-HSV-1 (type I)
What type of herpes simplex virus is associated with genital herpes?
-HSV-2 (type 2)
Where does HSV-1 also known as fever blisters or cold sores typically reside?
-Trigeminal ganglia
Which type of viral drugs deal with herpes virus?
-Inhibition of DNA polymerase (cylcovirs and foscarnet)
Influenza is what type of virus?
-RNA-encoded virus
Where does HSV-2 typically reside?
-Sacral ganglia
What is HHV-3?
VZV (chickenpox and shingles)
What is the primary infection of VZV known as?
-Chickenpox
What is the reactivation/recurrent infection of VZV known as?
-Shingles
Chicken pox is contagious for how long?
-7-10 days or until all lesions are gone
T/F If a person has singles they may develop postherpetic neuralgia (pain lasting longer than a month)
True
What are some common triggers for reactivation of latent herpes viruses?
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Sun exposure
- surgery
- fever
- Menstrual periods
- Immunocompromised
- Immunosenescence (getting older immune system goes down)
Is a canker sore contagious?
-No
Is a cold sore contagious and if so how?
-Yes, skin to skin contact with an active cold sore blister
What drug is primarily prescribe for HSV but is less active against VZV?
-Acyclovir
T/F Acyclovir is 10X more potent against VZV that against HSV-1 and HSV-2
False
-It is 10x more potent against HSV-1 and HSV-2
What drug is converted to acyclovir that results in serum levels that are 3-5x greater than oral acyclovir and is used orally only?
-Valacyclovir
What cyclovir drug is applied topically only due to poor oral absorption and is used for orofacial or genital HSV related sores?
-Penicyclovir
What cyclovir drug is metabolized to pencyclovir?
-Famcyclovir
What is famcyclovir mainly used for?
-VZV infections
Place in order of greatest to least efficacy for VZV: Valacyclovir, Famicyclovir, Acyclovir
-Famiciclovir—–Valacyclovir——Acyclovir
T/F Patients must always hydrate well while on any cyclovir drug to avoid crystalline nephropathy
True
What cyclovir drug is used for prophylaxis or treatment of CMV or HHV-6 infections
-Gancylcovir
What are two major contraindications for using gancyclovir?
- Pregnancy
- Males who wish to bear children
What drug is approved for treatment of CMV and viral induced retinitis in immunocompromised patients and is useful in Acyclvir or gancyclovir resistant HSV or CMV infections?
-Foscarnet
How is foscarnet given?
IV only
What drug is the most commonly used and available for prophylaxis or treatment of influenza A and B viruses?
-Oseltamivir (tamiflu)
What flu strands is oseltamivir active against?
-Influenze A and B
Early administration of oseltamivir is crucial, it may not eliminate you getting the flue but it cuts the duration down by how much?
-1-2 days
What is Zanamivir used for?
-Treatment and prophylaxis of Influenza A and B
What anti-flu drug is available as an inhaler only an is also active against influenza A and B?
-Zanamivir (Relenza)
Who is Zanamivir contraindicated for?
- Asthma patients
- COPD or allergies to milk proteins
What flu drug is only active against influenza A?
-Amantadine
T/F Amantadine is no longer used as an antiviral due to nearly 100% resistance of influenza A
True
