2/9/17 GERMAN Barriers and soluble effectors I TEST #2

Question 1

T/F Innate immunity is a generalized host defense mechanism that continuously acts from the start of an infection and does not adapt to a specific pathogen or generate immunologic memor

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are two systems that are found in the immediate innate system?

Answer 2

• Barriers

- Soluble Effectors

Question 3

What are two systems that are in the induced innate system?

Answer 3

• Cells

- Cytokines

Question 4

What are three types of cytokines in the induced innate system?

Answer 4

• Interleukins
• Chemokines
• Growth factors

Question 5

What are CD4 and CD8?

Answer 5

-Cell surface proteins

Question 6

What are two soluble effectors in the immediate innate system?

Answer 6

• Complement

- Antimicrobial peptides

Question 7

What are three barriers found in the immediate innate immune system?

Answer 7

• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Microbiological

Question 8

What are two classes of molecular patterns in the innate immune system?

Answer 8

• Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

- Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 9

What are three innate immune cells that are generally found in the tissues?

Answer 9

• Mast Cells
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Question 10

What are four types of PAMPs?

Answer 10

• LPS
• Flagellin
• Mannose sugars
• Unmethylated CpG DNA

Question 11

What are three types of DAMPs?

Answer 11

• Heat shock proteins
• Fibronectin
• Chromatin

Question 12

T/F Innate immunity is a system of pattern recognition

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Dendritic cell PRRs recognize PAMPs is part of the innate initiation of the adaptive response and leads to the activating of what?

Answer 13

• Phagocytosis

- Signaling pathways

Question 14

When dendritic cells migrate to the lymph nodes in the innate initiation of adaptive response, what are they carrying with them?

Answer 14

-Intact or degraded pathogens

Question 15

What do you find in the microbiological barrier in the immediate innate immune system?

Answer 15

-Normal microbiota

Question 16

What type of barrier are tears and nasal cilia?

Answer 16

-Mechanical barrier

Question 17

What type of barrier is a pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 17

-Chemical barrier

Question 18

What do mechanical barrier do?

Answer 18

-Physically block pathogens

Question 19

T/F The mechanical barrier are passive

Answer 19

False

-They are not passive

Question 20

What type of barrier do mucosal cells produce?

Answer 20

-Chemical barriers

Question 21

T/F Lymphoid tissues are integrated into barriers

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What can happen in lymphoid tissues that are integrated into barriers?

Answer 22

-Localized activation of B and T cells

Question 23

Every mucosal tissue can have what two functions?

Answer 23

• Secretion

- Motility

Question 24

What occurs in secretion from the mucosal tissue?

Answer 24

-Trap pathogens

Question 25

What occurs in the motility from the mucosal tissue?

Answer 25

-Remove pathogens from mucosal surfaces

Question 26

When a chemical barrier acts on pathogens and uses targeted destruction what is an example of how it does this?

Answer 26

-Lysozymes cleaving peptidoglycans

Question 27

What are the most common chemical barriers?

Answer 27

- Peptides | - Proteins

Question 28

Where is the location of lysozymes?

Answer 28

-Mucosal/glandular secretions (tears, saliva, and respiratory tract)

Question 29

Where is the location of lactoferrin?

Answer 29

-Mucosal/glandular secretions (milk, intestine mucus, nasal/respiratory and urogenital tracts)

Question 30

What is the location of Defensins?

Answer 30

-Skin, mucosal epithelia (mouth, intestine, nasal/respiratory tract, urogenital tracts)

Question 31

What type of protein/peptide cleaves glycosidic bonds of peptidoglycans in cell walls of bacteria, leading to lysis?

Answer 31

-Lysozyme

Question 32

What type of protein/peptide binds and sequesters iron, limiting growth of bacteria and fungi, disrupts microbial membranes, and limits infectivity of some viruses?

Answer 32

-Lactoferrin

Question 33

What type of protein/peptide disrupts membranes of bacteria, fungi, protozoan parasites, and viruses; additional toxic effects intracellularly, kill cells and disable viruses (creates pores)?

Answer 33

-Defensins

Question 34

T/F Defensins are chemical barriers and soluble effectors

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What are defensins released by?

Answer 35

-Immune and barrier cells

Question 36

T/F Defensins are constitutive and induced

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What are two classes of defensins?

Answer 37

- Alpha | - Beta

Question 38

What class of defensins are made from neutrophils?

Answer 38

-Alpha

Question 39

What class of defensins are made from epithelial cells?

Answer 39

-Beta

Question 40

What brings the defensins into the lipid bilayer?

Answer 40

- Electrostatic attraction | - Transmembrane electric field

Question 41

T/F Defensins act as signaling molecules

Answer 41

True

Question 42

HNP is what class of defensins?

Answer 42

-Alpha

Question 43

HBD is what class of defensins?

Answer 43

-Beta

Question 44

What are neutrophils induced to secrete into the GCF?

Answer 44

-Alpha defensins

Question 45

The stratified oral epithelium constitutively releases what?

Answer 45

-Beta-defensins

Question 46

One organisms benefits, the other neither suffers nor benefits is known as what?

Answer 46

-Commensal

Question 47

Both organisms benefit is known as what?

Answer 47

-Mutualistic

Question 48

One organism benefits the other suffers is known as what?

Answer 48

-Parasitic

Question 49

What are three functions that the commensal and mutualistic bacteria perform?

Answer 49

- Protective - Structural - Metabolic

Question 50

T/F Antimicrobial peptides help shape the local gut flora

Answer 50

True

Question 51

PRRs detect commensal bacteria and prevent what?

Answer 51

-Inflammation

Question 52

Commensal bacteria can induce what?

Answer 52

- IgA secretion | - Antimicrobial peptide secretion

Question 53

What type of cells constantly browse mucosal flora?

Answer 53

-Dendritic Cells

Question 54

What are three pathways of the complement system?

Answer 54

- Classical - Lectin - Alternate

Question 55

T/F An immune surveillance system of plasma proteins that act in cascades to selectively kill extracellular pathogens and diseased tissue, promote inflammation, clear tissue damage, and regulate tissue homeostasis is the complement system

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Where are most components of the complement system made?

Answer 56

-Liver

Question 57

T/F Complement is a pattern recognition system?

Answer 57

-True

Question 58

What are the initiators of the classical pathway?

Answer 58

-Antibody/C1q complexes

Question 59

What are the initiators of the lectin pathway?

Answer 59

-Mannose-binding lectins

Question 60

What are the initiators of the alternate pathway?

Answer 60

- C3 | - properdin

Question 61

What do convertase activators do?

Answer 61

-Form convertases, which label pathogens/antigens with C3b and C5b

Question 62

What do Opsonins do?

Answer 62

-Coat pathogens/antigens and target them for phagocytosis

Question 63

What do anaphylatoxins do?

Answer 63

-Initiate and promote inflammation

Question 64

What does the membrane attack complex do?

Answer 64

-Form the MAC pore

Question 65

What do the complement receptors do?

Answer 65

-Initiate signaling

Question 66

What do the regulators do?

Answer 66

-Restrict or halt complement activity

Question 67

When something is opsonized what is its fate?

Answer 67

- Neutralized | - Phagocytized

Question 68

What is C3 cleaved into?

Answer 68

- C3a | - C3b

Question 69

What is the small fragment of C3 cleavage?

Answer 69

C3a

Question 70

What is the large fragment of C3 cleavage?

Answer 70

C3b

Question 71

What fragment of C3 cleavage has enzyme activity?

Answer 71

-C3b

Question 72

What fragment of C3 cleavage has signaling activity?

Answer 72

-Both C3a and C3b

Question 73

What fragment of C3 cleavage has anaphylatoxin activity?

Answer 73

-C3a

Question 74

What fragment of C3 cleavage has Opsonin activity?

Answer 74

-C3b