2/2/17 GERMAN Intro to Immunology TEST #1 Flashcards
What are the five roles of the immune system?
- Kill or control pathogens
- Control disease
- Repair tissue damage
- Organ development
- Maintain organ integrity and function
What is an exotoxin?
-Pathogen secreted toxin
What is an endotoxin?
-Toxic pathogen component
What are three direct mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?
- Exotoxin production
- Endotoxin
- Direct cytopathic effect
What are three indirect mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?
- Immune complexes
- Anti-host antibody
- Cell-mediated immunity
What are challenges that pathogens present to the body?
- Form diversity
- Life cycle diversity
- Diverse routes of infection
- Rapid target response over a broad domain
T/F Pathogens often infect multiple body comparments
True
T/F Pathogen physiology changes with life cycle
True
T/F A single immune response type clears a pathogen
-False
No single immune response type clears a pathogen
What is the response rate in the innate immunity?
-Rapid
What type of immunity is fixed?
-Innate
What type of immunity improves during response?
-Adaptive
What type of immunity is constant during response?
-Innate
What type of immunity has a slow response (days to weeks)?
-Adaptive
What type of immunity has numerous highly selective specificities?
-Adaptive
What type of immunity has a limited number of specificities?
-Innate
What cell forms the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses?
-Dendritic cells
What type of organ is where immune cells originate and develop?
-Primary lymphoid organs
What are two primary lymphoid tissue organs?
- Bone marrow
- Thymus
What type of organ is where adaptive immune responses are initiated and where naive and mature B and T cells reside?
-Secondary lymphoid organs
What are 3 secondary lymphoid organ tissues?
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen
- Lymphatic system
What is the precursor for all adaptive immune cells?
-Common lymphoid precursor
What is the precursor for all innate immune cells?
-Common myeloid precursor
Where do you find the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells?
-Bone marrow
What are two derivatives of monocytes?
- Macrophage
- Dendritic Cell
How do lymphocytes and lymph return to the blood?
-Lymphatics
T/F Pathogens from site of infections reach lymph nodes via lymphatics
True
What is lymph?
-Interstitial fluid that drains into the lymphatic system
How does the lymphatic system flow?
-Unidirectional
If the immediate innate immune response can’t defeat the pathogen what happens?
-The induced innate immune response
When does the immediate innate immune response occur?
-0-4 hrs
If the induced innate immune response can’t defeat the pathogen what happens?
-Adaptive immune response
What response is the most common but least specific?
-Immediate innate immune response
What are three immediate innate systems?
- Barriers
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Complement
What are 6 induced innate cell types?
- Neutrophils
- Monocytes
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
- Mast cells
- NK cells
What do neutrophils do?
-Engulf and Kill bacteria and die forming a white pus
What are three primary antigen presenting cell types?
- Dendritic Cell
- Macrophage
- B lymphocyte
Where do naive T cells and B cells reside?
-Lymph nodes
What are presented to lymphocytes in lymph nodes?
-Pathogens
Where do activated lymphocytes travel from?
-Lymph nodes to infected tissues
CD8 T cells are what?
-Cytotoxic
CD4 T cells are what?
-Regulatory (helper T cell)
T/F Lymphocyte antigen specificity improves over time
True
T/F Memory T and B cells preserve the ability to recurrently respond to an antigen
True
What type of T cell recongnize viral peptides with MHC class I and kills infected cell?
-CD8
What do B cells create?
-Plasma cells
What do Plasma cells secrete?
-Antibodies
What are antibodies targeted against?
-Single antigen
What is the time frame for induced innate immune response?
4 hrs to 4 days
What is the time for the adaptive immune response?
4 days until defeat of the pathogen
