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Host and Defense 2020 > 2/2/17 GERMAN Intro to Immunology TEST #1 > Flashcards

2/2/17 GERMAN Intro to Immunology TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five roles of the immune system?

A
  • Kill or control pathogens
  • Control disease
  • Repair tissue damage
  • Organ development
  • Maintain organ integrity and function
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2
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A

-Pathogen secreted toxin

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3
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

-Toxic pathogen component

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4
Q

What are three direct mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?

A
  • Exotoxin production
  • Endotoxin
  • Direct cytopathic effect
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5
Q

What are three indirect mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?

A
  • Immune complexes
  • Anti-host antibody
  • Cell-mediated immunity
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6
Q

What are challenges that pathogens present to the body?

A
  • Form diversity
  • Life cycle diversity
  • Diverse routes of infection
  • Rapid target response over a broad domain
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7
Q

T/F Pathogens often infect multiple body comparments

A

True

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8
Q

T/F Pathogen physiology changes with life cycle

A

True

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9
Q

T/F A single immune response type clears a pathogen

A

-False

No single immune response type clears a pathogen

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10
Q

What is the response rate in the innate immunity?

A

-Rapid

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11
Q

What type of immunity is fixed?

A

-Innate

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12
Q

What type of immunity improves during response?

A

-Adaptive

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13
Q

What type of immunity is constant during response?

A

-Innate

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14
Q

What type of immunity has a slow response (days to weeks)?

A

-Adaptive

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15
Q

What type of immunity has numerous highly selective specificities?

A

-Adaptive

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16
Q

What type of immunity has a limited number of specificities?

A

-Innate

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17
Q

What cell forms the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses?

A

-Dendritic cells

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18
Q

What type of organ is where immune cells originate and develop?

A

-Primary lymphoid organs

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19
Q

What are two primary lymphoid tissue organs?

A
  • Bone marrow

- Thymus

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20
Q

What type of organ is where adaptive immune responses are initiated and where naive and mature B and T cells reside?

A

-Secondary lymphoid organs

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21
Q

What are 3 secondary lymphoid organ tissues?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Lymphatic system
22
Q

What is the precursor for all adaptive immune cells?

A

-Common lymphoid precursor

23
Q

What is the precursor for all innate immune cells?

A

-Common myeloid precursor

24
Q

Where do you find the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells?

A

-Bone marrow

25
What are two derivatives of monocytes?
- Macrophage | - Dendritic Cell
26
How do lymphocytes and lymph return to the blood?
-Lymphatics
27
T/F Pathogens from site of infections reach lymph nodes via lymphatics
True
28
What is lymph?
-Interstitial fluid that drains into the lymphatic system
29
How does the lymphatic system flow?
-Unidirectional
30
If the immediate innate immune response can't defeat the pathogen what happens?
-The induced innate immune response
31
When does the immediate innate immune response occur?
-0-4 hrs
32
If the induced innate immune response can't defeat the pathogen what happens?
-Adaptive immune response
33
What response is the most common but least specific?
-Immediate innate immune response
34
What are three immediate innate systems?
- Barriers - Antimicrobial peptides - Complement
35
What are 6 induced innate cell types?
- Neutrophils - Monocytes - Basophils - Eosinophils - Mast cells - NK cells
36
What do neutrophils do?
-Engulf and Kill bacteria and die forming a white pus
37
What are three primary antigen presenting cell types?
- Dendritic Cell - Macrophage - B lymphocyte
38
Where do naive T cells and B cells reside?
-Lymph nodes
39
What are presented to lymphocytes in lymph nodes?
-Pathogens
40
Where do activated lymphocytes travel from?
-Lymph nodes to infected tissues
41
CD8 T cells are what?
-Cytotoxic
42
CD4 T cells are what?
-Regulatory (helper T cell)
43
T/F Lymphocyte antigen specificity improves over time
True
44
T/F Memory T and B cells preserve the ability to recurrently respond to an antigen
True
45
What type of T cell recongnize viral peptides with MHC class I and kills infected cell?
-CD8
46
What do B cells create?
-Plasma cells
47
What do Plasma cells secrete?
-Antibodies
48
What are antibodies targeted against?
-Single antigen
49
What is the time frame for induced innate immune response?
4 hrs to 4 days
50
What is the time for the adaptive immune response?
4 days until defeat of the pathogen

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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