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Host and Defense 2020 > 2/2/17 GERMAN Intro to Immunology TEST #1 > Flashcards

2/2/17 GERMAN Intro to Immunology TEST #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five roles of the immune system?

A
  • Kill or control pathogens
  • Control disease
  • Repair tissue damage
  • Organ development
  • Maintain organ integrity and function
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2
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A

-Pathogen secreted toxin

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3
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

-Toxic pathogen component

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4
Q

What are three direct mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?

A
  • Exotoxin production
  • Endotoxin
  • Direct cytopathic effect
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5
Q

What are three indirect mechanisms of tissue damage by pathogens?

A
  • Immune complexes
  • Anti-host antibody
  • Cell-mediated immunity
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6
Q

What are challenges that pathogens present to the body?

A
  • Form diversity
  • Life cycle diversity
  • Diverse routes of infection
  • Rapid target response over a broad domain
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7
Q

T/F Pathogens often infect multiple body comparments

A

True

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8
Q

T/F Pathogen physiology changes with life cycle

A

True

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9
Q

T/F A single immune response type clears a pathogen

A

-False

No single immune response type clears a pathogen

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10
Q

What is the response rate in the innate immunity?

A

-Rapid

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11
Q

What type of immunity is fixed?

A

-Innate

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12
Q

What type of immunity improves during response?

A

-Adaptive

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13
Q

What type of immunity is constant during response?

A

-Innate

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14
Q

What type of immunity has a slow response (days to weeks)?

A

-Adaptive

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15
Q

What type of immunity has numerous highly selective specificities?

A

-Adaptive

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16
Q

What type of immunity has a limited number of specificities?

A

-Innate

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17
Q

What cell forms the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses?

A

-Dendritic cells

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18
Q

What type of organ is where immune cells originate and develop?

A

-Primary lymphoid organs

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19
Q

What are two primary lymphoid tissue organs?

A
  • Bone marrow

- Thymus

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20
Q

What type of organ is where adaptive immune responses are initiated and where naive and mature B and T cells reside?

A

-Secondary lymphoid organs

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21
Q

What are 3 secondary lymphoid organ tissues?

A
  • Lymph nodes
  • Spleen
  • Lymphatic system
22
Q

What is the precursor for all adaptive immune cells?

A

-Common lymphoid precursor

23
Q

What is the precursor for all innate immune cells?

A

-Common myeloid precursor

24
Q

Where do you find the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells?

A

-Bone marrow

25
Q

What are two derivatives of monocytes?

A
  • Macrophage

- Dendritic Cell

26
Q

How do lymphocytes and lymph return to the blood?

A

-Lymphatics

27
Q

T/F Pathogens from site of infections reach lymph nodes via lymphatics

A

True

28
Q

What is lymph?

A

-Interstitial fluid that drains into the lymphatic system

29
Q

How does the lymphatic system flow?

A

-Unidirectional

30
Q

If the immediate innate immune response can’t defeat the pathogen what happens?

A

-The induced innate immune response

31
Q

When does the immediate innate immune response occur?

A

-0-4 hrs

32
Q

If the induced innate immune response can’t defeat the pathogen what happens?

A

-Adaptive immune response

33
Q

What response is the most common but least specific?

A

-Immediate innate immune response

34
Q

What are three immediate innate systems?

A
  • Barriers
  • Antimicrobial peptides
  • Complement
35
Q

What are 6 induced innate cell types?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Mast cells
  • NK cells
36
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

-Engulf and Kill bacteria and die forming a white pus

37
Q

What are three primary antigen presenting cell types?

A
  • Dendritic Cell
  • Macrophage
  • B lymphocyte
38
Q

Where do naive T cells and B cells reside?

A

-Lymph nodes

39
Q

What are presented to lymphocytes in lymph nodes?

A

-Pathogens

40
Q

Where do activated lymphocytes travel from?

A

-Lymph nodes to infected tissues

41
Q

CD8 T cells are what?

A

-Cytotoxic

42
Q

CD4 T cells are what?

A

-Regulatory (helper T cell)

43
Q

T/F Lymphocyte antigen specificity improves over time

A

True

44
Q

T/F Memory T and B cells preserve the ability to recurrently respond to an antigen

A

True

45
Q

What type of T cell recongnize viral peptides with MHC class I and kills infected cell?

A

-CD8

46
Q

What do B cells create?

A

-Plasma cells

47
Q

What do Plasma cells secrete?

A

-Antibodies

48
Q

What are antibodies targeted against?

A

-Single antigen

49
Q

What is the time frame for induced innate immune response?

A

4 hrs to 4 days

50
Q

What is the time for the adaptive immune response?

A

4 days until defeat of the pathogen

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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