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Host and Defense 2020 > 3/27/17 Prostanoids & Anti Inflammatory Drugs SMITH TEST #3 > Flashcards

3/27/17 Prostanoids & Anti Inflammatory Drugs SMITH TEST #3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the body’s normal protective response to an injury, irritation, or even surgery?

A

-Acute inflammation

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2
Q

What has a purpose to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and to initiate tissue repair?

A

-Acute inflammation

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3
Q

What is the goal of therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • Decrease inflammation
  • Decrease Pain
  • Arrest tissue damage
  • Preserve function
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4
Q

What type of inflammation uses innate immunity?

A

-Acute inflammation

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5
Q

What type of inflammation uses adaptive immunity?

A

-Chronic inflammation

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6
Q

What is the duration for acute inflammation?

A

-Short (days)

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7
Q

What type of inflammation uses the cardinal signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function?

A

-Acute inflammation

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8
Q

What type of inflammation does not have to have any of the cardinal signs?

A

-Chronic inflammation

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9
Q

What type of inflammation uses neutrophils and macrophages?

A

-Acute inflammation

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10
Q

What type of inflammation uses Lymphocytes (B and T cells), Macrophages, and fibroblasts?

A

-Chronic inflammation

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11
Q

If you have fluid exudation and edema what type of inflammation do you have?

A

-Acute inflammation

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12
Q

If you have fibrosis and angiogenesis what type of inflammation do you have?

A

-Chronic inflammation

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13
Q

If you have a high grade fever will you have acute or chronic inflammation?

A

-Acute inflammation

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14
Q

What are the primary mediators for acute inflammation?

A
  • Vasoactive amines (serotonin, histamine)

- Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxane)

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15
Q

What are the three major classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Glucocorticoids
  • DMARDs
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16
Q

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes?

A

-NSAIDs

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17
Q

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2)?

A

-Glucocoriticoids

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18
Q

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs is prednisone, and cortisone found in?

A

-Glucocorticoids

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19
Q

What do Biologic DMARDs inhibit?

A

-TNF

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20
Q

What is an oxygenated product of poly-unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (arachidonic acid) known as?

A

-Eicosanoids

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21
Q

What type of crine fashion do eicosanoids act in

A
  • Autocrine

- Paracrine

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22
Q

Eicosanoids are what type of proteins?

A

-G-coupled proteins

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23
Q

Prostanoids is a subclassification of what?

A

-Eicosanoids

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24
Q

What are three types of prostanoids?

A
  • Prostaglandins
  • Thromboxanes
  • Prostacyclins
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25
Q

What type of prostanoid is a mediator of inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions?

A

-Prostaglandins

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26
Q

What type of prostanoid is a mediator of vasoconstriction?

A

-Thromboxanes

27
Q

What type of prostanoid is active in the resolution phase of inflammation?

A

-Prostacyclins

28
Q

What are five things that prostanoids have a major biological effect on?

A
  • Smooth muscle
  • Platelets and blood cells
  • Nerve terminals
  • Endocrine organs
  • Adipose tissue
29
Q

What COX selective inhibitors do not inhibit platelet aggregation or cause GI upset/ulceration?

A

-COX-2

30
Q

Is Aspirin a selective or nonselective COX inhibitor?

A

It is a nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor

31
Q

What is the only NSAID to inhibit both COXs in an irreversible manner?

A

-Aspirin

32
Q

What does antipyretic mean?

A

-Reduce fever

33
Q

What does analgesic mean?

A

-Reduce pain

34
Q

What three things can aspiring do?

A
  • Antipyretic
  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
35
Q

Who should you avoid giving aspirin to?

A
  • CHildren with Reye syndrome
  • People is NSAID allergies
  • People with hemophilia
36
Q

What is aspirin valued primarily for?

A

-Anti-platelet aggregation effects

37
Q

What NSAID is a derivative of propionic acid?

A

-Ibuprofen

38
Q

What three effects does Ibuprofen have?

A
  • Analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • Anti-inflammatory
39
Q

What drug interferes with the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin rendering aspirin less effective for MI and stroke prevention if taken together?

A

-Ibuprofen

40
Q

For ibuprofen to have an anti-inflammatory effect what amount do you have to take?

A

> 2400 mg/day

41
Q

What NSAID is available in slow-release formulation and is “all day strong”?

A

-Naproxen

42
Q

If you give NSAIDs to children who are recovering from a viral-induced illness what might they develop?

A

-Reye syndrome

43
Q

What type of COX inhibitor or Celecoxib?

A

-COX-2 selective

44
Q

What NSAID drug has no effect on platelet aggregation?

A

-Celecoxib

45
Q

What drug is known as a non-aspirin pain reliever?

A

-Acetominophen

46
Q

Is acetominophen an NSAID?

A

-No it is not an anti-inflammatory

47
Q

Should you use acetominophen is someone who has liver disease?

A

-No

48
Q

What drug prevents conversion of membrane phospholipids to arachidonic acid by inhibiting the phospholipase A2 enzyme?

A

-Glucocorticoids

49
Q

What drugs block the prostaglandin pathway only?

A

-COX inhibitors

50
Q

What are three short to medium acting GCs?

A
  • Hydrocortisone
  • Cortisone
  • Prednisone
51
Q

What is a long acting GC?

A

-Dexamethasone

52
Q

What drugs are used clinically to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system?

A

-Glucocorticoids

53
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Prednisone?

A

-Blocks phospholipase A2, thus shuts down immune responses

54
Q

What is the 1st line DMARD for RA (Rheumatoid arthritis)?

A

-Methotrexate

55
Q

What is the mechanism of methotrexate?

A

-Inhibits transformylase & thymidylate synthetase

56
Q

What is a major contraindication of methotrexate?

A

-Do not use in pregnancy

57
Q

Methotrexate can cause a risk of serious, life threatening adverse effects, and they are increased if taking what other type of drug?

A

-NSAIDs

58
Q

What drug is a prodrug that acts through its main metabolite, 6-thioguanine, to strongly suppress DNA synthesis and production?

A

-Asathioprine (imuran)

59
Q

What type of DMARD is a large molecule?

A

-Biologic DMARDs

60
Q

What is the mechanism of Abatacept (a Biologic DMARD)?

A
  • Acts as fusion protein to prevent activation of T-cells
61
Q

What drug do you use for the treatment of RA in patients whom have failed or are inadequately responding to anti-TNFalpha therapy?

A

-Abatacept

62
Q

What is the mechanism of Adalimumab (Humira)?

A

-Prevents ligand from binding to TNFalpha receptor

63
Q

What are five different TNF alpha inhibiting biologic DMARDs?

A
  • Infliximab (Remicade)
  • Adalimumab (Humira)
  • Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia)
  • Golimumab (Simponi)

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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