3/27/17 Prostanoids & Anti Inflammatory Drugs SMITH TEST #3

Question 1

What is the body’s normal protective response to an injury, irritation, or even surgery?

Answer 1

-Acute inflammation

Question 2

What has a purpose to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and to initiate tissue repair?

Answer 2

-Acute inflammation

Question 3

What is the goal of therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer 3

• Decrease inflammation
• Decrease Pain
• Arrest tissue damage
• Preserve function

Question 4

What type of inflammation uses innate immunity?

Answer 4

-Acute inflammation

Question 5

What type of inflammation uses adaptive immunity?

Answer 5

-Chronic inflammation

Question 6

What is the duration for acute inflammation?

Answer 6

-Short (days)

Question 7

What type of inflammation uses the cardinal signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function?

Answer 7

-Acute inflammation

Question 8

What type of inflammation does not have to have any of the cardinal signs?

Answer 8

-Chronic inflammation

Question 9

What type of inflammation uses neutrophils and macrophages?

Answer 9

-Acute inflammation

Question 10

What type of inflammation uses Lymphocytes (B and T cells), Macrophages, and fibroblasts?

Answer 10

-Chronic inflammation

Question 11

If you have fluid exudation and edema what type of inflammation do you have?

Answer 11

-Acute inflammation

Question 12

If you have fibrosis and angiogenesis what type of inflammation do you have?

Answer 12

-Chronic inflammation

Question 13

If you have a high grade fever will you have acute or chronic inflammation?

Answer 13

-Acute inflammation

Question 14

What are the primary mediators for acute inflammation?

Answer 14

• Vasoactive amines (serotonin, histamine)

- Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxane)

Question 15

What are the three major classes of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Answer 15

• NSAIDS
• Glucocorticoids
• DMARDs

Question 16

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes?

Answer 16

-NSAIDs

Question 17

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2)?

Answer 17

-Glucocoriticoids

Question 18

Which major class of anti-inflammatory drugs is prednisone, and cortisone found in?

Answer 18

-Glucocorticoids

Question 19

What do Biologic DMARDs inhibit?

Answer 19

-TNF

Question 20

What is an oxygenated product of poly-unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (arachidonic acid) known as?

Answer 20

-Eicosanoids

Question 21

What type of crine fashion do eicosanoids act in

Answer 21

• Autocrine

- Paracrine

Question 22

Eicosanoids are what type of proteins?

Answer 22

-G-coupled proteins

Question 23

Prostanoids is a subclassification of what?

Answer 23

-Eicosanoids

Question 24

What are three types of prostanoids?

Answer 24

• Prostaglandins
• Thromboxanes
• Prostacyclins

Question 25

What type of prostanoid is a mediator of inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions?

Answer 25

-Prostaglandins

Question 26

What type of prostanoid is a mediator of vasoconstriction?

Answer 26

-Thromboxanes

Question 27

What type of prostanoid is active in the resolution phase of inflammation?

Answer 27

-Prostacyclins

Question 28

What are five things that prostanoids have a major biological effect on?

Answer 28

- Smooth muscle - Platelets and blood cells - Nerve terminals - Endocrine organs - Adipose tissue

Question 29

What COX selective inhibitors do not inhibit platelet aggregation or cause GI upset/ulceration?

Answer 29

-COX-2

Question 30

Is Aspirin a selective or nonselective COX inhibitor?

Answer 30

It is a nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor

Question 31

What is the only NSAID to inhibit both COXs in an irreversible manner?

Answer 31

-Aspirin

Question 32

What does antipyretic mean?

Answer 32

-Reduce fever

Question 33

What does analgesic mean?

Answer 33

-Reduce pain

Question 34

What three things can aspiring do?

Answer 34

- Antipyretic - Analgesic - Anti-inflammatory

Question 35

Who should you avoid giving aspirin to?

Answer 35

- CHildren with Reye syndrome - People is NSAID allergies - People with hemophilia

Question 36

What is aspirin valued primarily for?

Answer 36

-Anti-platelet aggregation effects

Question 37

What NSAID is a derivative of propionic acid?

Answer 37

-Ibuprofen

Question 38

What three effects does Ibuprofen have?

Answer 38

- Analgesic - Antipyretic - Anti-inflammatory

Question 39

What drug interferes with the antiplatelet effect of low-dose aspirin rendering aspirin less effective for MI and stroke prevention if taken together?

Answer 39

-Ibuprofen

Question 40

For ibuprofen to have an anti-inflammatory effect what amount do you have to take?

Answer 40

> 2400 mg/day

Question 41

What NSAID is available in slow-release formulation and is "all day strong"?

Answer 41

-Naproxen

Question 42

If you give NSAIDs to children who are recovering from a viral-induced illness what might they develop?

Answer 42

-Reye syndrome

Question 43

What type of COX inhibitor or Celecoxib?

Answer 43

-COX-2 selective

Question 44

What NSAID drug has no effect on platelet aggregation?

Answer 44

-Celecoxib

Question 45

What drug is known as a non-aspirin pain reliever?

Answer 45

-Acetominophen

Question 46

Is acetominophen an NSAID?

Answer 46

-No it is not an anti-inflammatory

Question 47

Should you use acetominophen is someone who has liver disease?

Answer 47

-No

Question 48

What drug prevents conversion of membrane phospholipids to arachidonic acid by inhibiting the phospholipase A2 enzyme?

Answer 48

-Glucocorticoids

Question 49

What drugs block the prostaglandin pathway only?

Answer 49

-COX inhibitors

Question 50

What are three short to medium acting GCs?

Answer 50

- Hydrocortisone - Cortisone - Prednisone

Question 51

What is a long acting GC?

Answer 51

-Dexamethasone

Question 52

What drugs are used clinically to treat diseases caused by an overactive immune system?

Answer 52

-Glucocorticoids

Question 53

What is the mechanism of action of Prednisone?

Answer 53

-Blocks phospholipase A2, thus shuts down immune responses

Question 54

What is the 1st line DMARD for RA (Rheumatoid arthritis)?

Answer 54

-Methotrexate

Question 55

What is the mechanism of methotrexate?

Answer 55

-Inhibits transformylase & thymidylate synthetase

Question 56

What is a major contraindication of methotrexate?

Answer 56

-Do not use in pregnancy

Question 57

Methotrexate can cause a risk of serious, life threatening adverse effects, and they are increased if taking what other type of drug?

Answer 57

-NSAIDs

Question 58

What drug is a prodrug that acts through its main metabolite, 6-thioguanine, to strongly suppress DNA synthesis and production?

Answer 58

-Asathioprine (imuran)

Question 59

What type of DMARD is a large molecule?

Answer 59

-Biologic DMARDs

Question 60

What is the mechanism of Abatacept (a Biologic DMARD)?

Answer 60

- Acts as fusion protein to prevent activation of T-cells

Question 61

What drug do you use for the treatment of RA in patients whom have failed or are inadequately responding to anti-TNFalpha therapy?

Answer 61

-Abatacept

Question 62

What is the mechanism of Adalimumab (Humira)?

Answer 62

-Prevents ligand from binding to TNFalpha receptor

Question 63

What are five different TNF alpha inhibiting biologic DMARDs?

Answer 63

- Infliximab (Remicade) - Adalimumab (Humira) - Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia) - Golimumab (Simponi)