3/31/17 Mucosal Immunity GERMAn TEST #3 Flashcards
What is the most common cause of worldwide deaths from mucosal infections?
-Acute respiratory infections
What are three places in the body where you find mucosal tissues?
- Respiratory tract
- GI tract
- Urogenital tract
What three conserved structures do all mucosal tissues exhibit?
- Epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
What compartment of the mucosal structures do you find intraepithelial lymphocytes?
-Epithelium
What are three examples of intraepithelial lymphocytes?
- Delta:Gamma T cells
- CD8 alpha:alpha T cells
- Memory CD8 T cells
What three lymphocyte type cells will you find in the lamina propria?
- Gamma:Delta T cells
- CD8 T cells
- CD4 T cells
What CD4 T cells will you find in the lamina propria?
- TH1
- TH17
What compartment of the mucosal structures do you find plasma cells and memory B cells, Macrophages, and dendritic cells?
-Lamina Propria
What is the ring name of the tonsils and adenoids around the entrance of the gut and airway?
-Waldeyer’s ring
What is healthy tissue protected by?
-Systemic immunity
When you have a surface wound that introduces bacteria it activates macrophages to make what?
-Inflammatory cytokines
What do cytokines released from macrophages produce?
-Inflammatory immune response
T/F Mucosal infections follow the traditional inflammatory cascade
False
-They do not follow
How do bacteria gain access to the lamina propria?
-Endocytosis
Most infections are often cleared with or without an inflammatory response?
-without
What are the secretory antibodies of mucosal surfaces?
-IgA
Naive lymphocytes activated in a Peyer’s patch give rise to effector cells that travel in the lymph and blood to gain access to what compartment of the mucosal tissue?
-Lamina propria
If you have periodontal health do you have high or low diversity and richness?
-Low diversity and richness
Where are antigens taken up in mucosal surfaces?
- Peyer’s patch
- Lymphoid follicles
T/F The microbiome influences CD4 T cell differentiation
-True
What cytokine is prominent at mucosal surfaces?
-TGF-Beta
If you have TGF Beta + no inflammatory cytokines what T cell will you get?
-T reg cells
If you have TGF-Beta + inflammatory cytokines what T cells will you get?
-Th17
What do T reg cells do for mucosal inflammation?
-Treg
What do Th17 cells do for mucosal tissue?
- Neutrophil recruitment
- Antimicrobial peptide production
- Tissue repair
What cytokines do Th17 cells release?
- IL-17
- IL-22
What three functions do the cytokines that Th17 releases play in mucosal tissues?
- Regulate tight junction protein expression
- Induce antimicrobial peptide production
- Induce neutrophil chemokine expression
What three things are found in the function of Th17 that deals with inducing antimicrobial peptide production?
- B-defensins
- Cathelicidins
- Lactoferrin
T/F Impaired or excessive Th17 function is linked to oral disease
True
If you have increased IL-17 expression what oral disease might that be involved in?
-Periodontitis
If you have deficient IL-17 signaling what oral disease is that associated with?
-Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
If you have periodontitis what happens with neutrophil recruitment?
-It is chronic and excessive
What happens to osteoclasts in periodontitis?
-They become activated
What are three ways that mucosal antigens are captured?
- Macrophage
- Goblet cells
- Dendritic cells
What do commensal bacteria do for an immune response?
-Repress
What do pathogenic bacteria do for an immune response?
-Trigger
What cell with mucosal antigens deals with nonspecific transport across epithelium?
-M cell
T/F Mucosal epithelial cells express TLR and NOD receptors
True
T/F Epithelial damage can promote mucosal inflammation
True (Via antibiotics killing commensal bacteria making room for C. diff)
