4/20/17 Hypersensitivity GERMAN FINAL TEST Flashcards
What is a severe, immediate, and system-wide harmful immune response to a non-pathogenic antigen known as?
-Anaphylaxis
What is an immediate or delayed immune response to innocuous antigens resulting in healthy tissue damage?
-Hypersensitivity
What was the first identified hypersensitivity reaction?
-Anaphylaxis
What types of hypersensitivity reactions are humorally mediated?
- Type I
- Type II
- Type III
What type of hypersensitivity reactions are cell-mediated?
-Type IV
In type I hypersensitivity what antibody is associated with it?
-IgE
What does type I hypersensitivity lead to?
-Degranulation
What does type II hypersensitivity lead to?
- Complement response
- ADCC
What does a type III hypersensitivity reaction lead to?
-Antibody complex deposition
What does a type IV hypersensitivity reaction lead to?
-T cell sensitization
T/F Diseases are restricted to a particular type of hypersensitivity
False
-They can be multiple types of hypersensitivity
What is a non-pathogenic antigen that illicit a hypersensitivity reaction?
-Allergen
What does an allergen bind to in the immune system?
-IgE
When you have allergen and IgE complex it activates what cells?
- Mast cells
- Basophils
- Eosinophils
T/F Allergens can be inhaled, injected, or ingested materials
True
T/F Type I hypersensitivity has a delayed hypersensitivity response
- False
- Immediate hypersensitivity
If a type I hypersensitivity is systemic what can occur?
-Anaphylactic shock
If a type I hypersensitivity is localized what are some causes of that?
- Allergic rhinitis (hayfever)
- Allergic asthma
- Eczema
- Food allergies
What does Th2 effector cells do for hypersensitivity?
-Release cytokines that lead to recruiting to granulocytes (Degranulate, encapsulate, or removal of parasite out of body)
Mast cell degranulation drives what?
-Inflammation
What are two toxic mediators that are released from mast cells?
- Histamine
- Heparin
What is the effect of histamine and heparin released from mast cells?
- Poison parasites
- Increase vascular permeability
- Cause smooth muscle contraction
Mast cells can release TNF-alpha, what does releasing this cytokine do?
- Promote inflammation
- Stimulate cytokine production from many cell types
- Activates endothelium
T/F Eosinophil degranulation is unique because it is non-toxic
- False
- Eosinophil degranulation is toxic
What enzymes are released from mast cells during degranulation?
- Tryptase
- Chymase
- Cathepsin G
- Carboxypeptidase
What enzymes are released from eosinophil degranulation?
- Eosinophil peroxidase
- Eosinophil collagenase
What does eosinophil peroxidase do?
- Poison parasites and mammalian cells by catalyzing halogenation
- Triggers histamine release from mast cells
What are three toxic proteins released during eosinophil degranulation?
- Major basic protein
- Eosinophil cationic protein
- Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
What is the effect of major basic protein?
- Poison parasites
- Trigger histamine release from mast cells
What is the effect of eosinophil cationic protein?
- Poison parasites
- Neurotoxin
What activates Eosinophil degranulation?
- Mast cells
- Th2 cytokines
What do eosinophils express upon activation?
-FCe receptors
T/F Eosinophil granule components are highly toxic and promote further inflammation
True
What hypothesis describes reduced early developmental immune pressure that causes poor immune education and inappropriate pathogen identification that leads to allergy and autoimmune disorders
-Hygiene hypothesis
Development of type I hypersensitivity causes immediate _____________ degranulation.
-Mast cell
Does leukocyte migration occur in the early or late response in an allergic reaction?
-Late phase
What can halt anaphylactic shock?
-Epinheprine
If you have systemic mast cell degranulation what occurs?
-Anaphylactic shock
What is repeated exposure to escalating dosages of allergens to reduce Type I responses?
-Hyposensitization
What are two ways that therapeutic interventions can resolve type I allergies?
- Desensitization
- Tolerance (More Treg)
T/F Antihistamines have no effect on type I hypersensitivity
False
-They are a good treatment for type I
Besides antihistamines what are three other treatments for type I hypersensitivity?
- Leukotriene antagonists
- Corticosteroids
- Immunotherapeutics
What antibody is involved in typer II hypersensitivity (immune mediators)?
- IgG mainly
- IgM
Drug allergies, Graft rejection, and autoimmunity are what type of hypersensitivity?
-Type II
T/F Type II hypersensitivity causes Newborn hemolytic disease
True
If an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus what occurs after the first pregnancy?
-Anti-Rh IgG developed
If an Rh- carries an Rh+ fetus during a second pregnancy after having an Rh+ baby during the first pregnancy what can happen?
The new Rh+ fetus is targeted by maternal IgG
What drugs prevents erythroblastosis fetalis (Mothers IgG targeting the Rh+ fetus)?
-Rhogam
What is the immune mediator for type III hypersensitivity?
-Immune complexes
When you can’t clear immune complexes what type of hypersensitivity to you get?
-Type III
What is the immune mediator for type IV hypersensitivity?
-T cells
What type of hypersensitivity is delayed?
-Type IV
What do contacted materials function as in Type IV hypersensitivity?
-Adjuvants
What do contacted materials do to human antigens?
-Chemically modify
T/F Pentadecacatechol is an adjuvant
True
What are infectious causes that can lead to chronic inflammation?
- Unresolved infection
- Intestinal microbes
What are non-infectious causes that lead to chronic inflammation?
- Obesity
- Tissue damage
- Heart disease and atherosclerosis
What leads to chronic inflammation and periodontitis?
-Polymicrobial Dysbiosis
What are the keystone pathogens in periodontitis?
- P. gingivalis
- T. Denticola
- T. forsynthia
