4/14/17 Immune memory and vaccination GERMAN FINAL TEST Flashcards
What do antibodies developed during the primary response provide?
-Protective immunity
What are the three types of adaptive memory cells?
- Memory B cells
- Memory plasma cells
- Memory T cells
Where do most of the memory plasma cells reside?
-Bone marrow
Where do most of the memory T cells reside?
-Secondary lymphoid tissues
Besides the bone marrow and secondary lymphoid tissues what are two other areas that you will find memory cells?
- Peripheral tissue
- Circulation
Do primary effector cells or memory cells have a broad antigen response?
-Primary effector cells
Do primary effector or memory cells have a specific restricted antigen response?
-Memory cells
Do primary effector or memory cells have easy activation?
-Memory cels
Do primary effector or memory cells have to go through multiple activation steps and signals?
-Primary effector cells
Do primary effector or memory cells have clonal selection and expansion?
-Primary effector
Do primary effector or memory cells have just clonal expansion because they have already been selected?
-Memory cells
Do primary effector or memory cells have B cell target refinement that is unnecessary?
-Memory cells
Do primary effector or memory cells have B cells that must undergo target refinement?
-Primary effector
What are the refinements that B cells must do while a primary effector cell?
- Somatic hypermutation
- Class switching
Do primary effector or memory cells die after several days?
-Primary effector
When a primary cell has undergone somatic hypermutation can it go through it again?
-No
Do primary effector cells or memory cells persists for months and replicate providing long term immunity?
-Memory cells
T/F Memory cells require antigen persistence
False
-They do not depend upon antigen persistence
What are immune memory cells dependent on?
-Pathogen and exposure-dependent
The secondary immune response activates memory B cells and inhibits __________?
-Naive B cells
What do activated memory B cells replicate into?
- Plasma cells
- More memory cells
T/F In a secondary immune response you will have high affinity antibodies and low somatic hypermutation
False
-High antibody affinity and high somatic hypermutation
Memory B cells can form cognate pair with memory TFH cells leading to what three things?
- Germinal centers
- Class switching
- Somatic hypermutation
What are the two types of memory T cells?
- CD8
- CD4
Do memory T cells require CD28 co-stimulation?
-No
What are the two classes of memory T cells?
- Central memory
- Effector memory cells
Where do central memory T cells reside?
-lymphoid organs
Where do effector memory T cells reside?
-Circulate in non-lymphoid tissues
T/F Highly mutable pathogens erode immune memory
True
If you have memory cells for A,B,C,D and get infected with A,B,C,E, you won’t make a memory cell for E why?
-Because the Memory cells (response) for A,B,C don’t allow a primary response to develop memory cells for E
Secondary or Primary response: Small numbers of pathogen-specific cells respond at the start?
-Primary
Secondary or Primary response: Large number of pathogen-specific cells respond immediately
-Secondary
Secondary or primary response: Delay before pathogen-specific antibodies are produced
-Primary
Secondary or primary response: Non-isotype-switched antibody having a mixture of affinities for the pathogen is produced at the start?
-Primary
Secondary or primary response: Pathogen-specific antibodies already present
Secondary
Secondary or primary response: Lower threshold for activation
-Secondary
Secondary or primary response: Higher threshold of activation
-Primary
Secondary or primary response: Delay before effector T cells are generated and are able to enter infected tissues
-Primary
Secondary or primary response: Close cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity from the start
-Secondary
What was the first attenuated live virus vaccine?
-Cowpox
What is an attenuated virus?
-Shared viral components with the actual virus with the inability to infect humans
What is an adjuvant?
-A compound that incites (encourages) an adaptive immune response
What do adjuvants do for vaccines?
-Broaden vaccine targets and improve efficacy
