3/6/17 SONNEN CNS infections TEST #2 Flashcards
What are four types (compartment) of CNS infections?
- Abscess
- Empyema
- Meningitis
- Encephalomyelitis
What are two sites that CNS infections can occur?
- Brain
- Cord
Where do Empyema typically occur?
-Potential spaces (subdural space)
T/F Bacteremias usually associated with dental infections are usually transient
True
What is the most common CND infection that is secondary to dental pathology/procedure?
-CNS abscess
What are the symptoms you find with a CNS abscess?
- changes in consciousness
- Focal neurologic signs
- Vomiting
- Fever
What are three focal neurologic signs that you find in CNS abscesses?
- Speech
- Visual field defects
- Paresis
How are CNS abscesses diagnosed?
- Symptoms
- Physical exam
- Imaging
- Laboratories
What is the treatment for bacterial abscesses?
- Antibiotics
- Surgery (>2.5 cm)
What was the most common treatment preceding dental CNS infections?
-Extraction of molars
Who do mycoses CNS infections commonly occur in?
-Immunocompromised patients
What are the most common neurosurgical organisms found in Mycoses CNS infections?
- Pathogenic molds
- Candida spp
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Dimorphic fungi
What is the most common CNS organisms that cause infection?
-Aspergillus
How do aspergillus CNS infections present themselves?
- Single/multiple abscess
- Granulomata
- Infarcted brain
How do you treat Aspergillus CNS infections?
- Aggressive surgical excision
- Amphotericin B + flucytosine
What is zygomycetes also known as?
-Mucormycosis
What are risk factors associated with getting zygomycetes CNS infections?
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
How do zygomycetes CNS infections present themselves?
-Rapidly progressive facial swelling
What are three zygomycetes species involved in CNS infections?
- Mucor
- Rhizomucor
- Rhizopus
What are three forms of Candidial infections found in the CNS?
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Abscess
What is the treatment of candidial CNS infections?
-Multimodal antifungals
What are two broad classes of parasites that can cause CNS infections?
- Helminths
- Protozoa
What type of parasite is Taenia solum (pork tapeworm) that causes neurocystercercosis and CNS infections?
-Helminths
What type of parasite is Toxoplasma gondii that causes CNS infections?
-Protozoa
What are two spirochetes found in CNS infections?
- Neurosyphilis (treponema pallidum)
- Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
What are two types of viruses involved in CNS infections?
- Herpetic gingivostomatitis (HSV1 and HSV2)
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
When is the peak incidence of herpetic gingivostomatitis?
-6 mos - 5 yrs and 20 yrs
What is prion disease?
misfolded proteins
What are four types of prion disease?
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- CJD new variant
- Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome (GSS)
- Kuru
