3/6/17 SONNEN CNS infections TEST #2

Question 1

What are four types (compartment) of CNS infections?

Answer 1

• Abscess
• Empyema
• Meningitis
• Encephalomyelitis

Question 2

What are two sites that CNS infections can occur?

Answer 2

• Brain

- Cord

Question 3

Where do Empyema typically occur?

Answer 3

-Potential spaces (subdural space)

Question 4

T/F Bacteremias usually associated with dental infections are usually transient

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the most common CND infection that is secondary to dental pathology/procedure?

Answer 5

-CNS abscess

Question 6

What are the symptoms you find with a CNS abscess?

Answer 6

• changes in consciousness
• Focal neurologic signs
• Vomiting
• Fever

Question 7

What are three focal neurologic signs that you find in CNS abscesses?

Answer 7

• Speech
• Visual field defects
• Paresis

Question 8

How are CNS abscesses diagnosed?

Answer 8

• Symptoms
• Physical exam
• Imaging
• Laboratories

Question 9

What is the treatment for bacterial abscesses?

Answer 9

• Antibiotics

- Surgery (>2.5 cm)

Question 10

What was the most common treatment preceding dental CNS infections?

Answer 10

-Extraction of molars

Question 11

Who do mycoses CNS infections commonly occur in?

Answer 11

-Immunocompromised patients

Question 12

What are the most common neurosurgical organisms found in Mycoses CNS infections?

Answer 12

• Pathogenic molds
• Candida spp
• Cryptococcus neoformans
• Dimorphic fungi

Question 13

What is the most common CNS organisms that cause infection?

Answer 13

-Aspergillus

Question 14

How do aspergillus CNS infections present themselves?

Answer 14

• Single/multiple abscess
• Granulomata
• Infarcted brain

Question 15

How do you treat Aspergillus CNS infections?

Answer 15

• Aggressive surgical excision

- Amphotericin B + flucytosine

Question 16

What is zygomycetes also known as?

Answer 16

-Mucormycosis

Question 17

What are risk factors associated with getting zygomycetes CNS infections?

Answer 17

• Diabetes

- Immunosuppression

Question 18

How do zygomycetes CNS infections present themselves?

Answer 18

-Rapidly progressive facial swelling

Question 19

What are three zygomycetes species involved in CNS infections?

Answer 19

• Mucor
• Rhizomucor
• Rhizopus

Question 20

What are three forms of Candidial infections found in the CNS?

Answer 20

• Meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Abscess

Question 21

What is the treatment of candidial CNS infections?

Answer 21

-Multimodal antifungals

Question 22

What are two broad classes of parasites that can cause CNS infections?

Answer 22

• Helminths

- Protozoa

Question 23

What type of parasite is Taenia solum (pork tapeworm) that causes neurocystercercosis and CNS infections?

Answer 23

-Helminths

Question 24

What type of parasite is Toxoplasma gondii that causes CNS infections?

Answer 24

-Protozoa

Question 25

What are two spirochetes found in CNS infections?

Answer 25

- Neurosyphilis (treponema pallidum) | - Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

Question 26

What are two types of viruses involved in CNS infections?

Answer 26

- Herpetic gingivostomatitis (HSV1 and HSV2) | - Herpes simplex encephalitis

Question 27

When is the peak incidence of herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Answer 27

-6 mos - 5 yrs and 20 yrs

Question 28

What is prion disease?

Answer 28

misfolded proteins

Question 29

What are four types of prion disease?

Answer 29

- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) - CJD new variant - Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome (GSS) - Kuru