4/14/17 Immune system failure GERMAN FINAL TEST Flashcards
Pathogen evasion can occur from serotype diversity, what does serotype mean?
-Antigenically different strains of the same pathogen
If a person is infected with one serotype of pneumonia and a second serotype infects them later can antibodies prevent infection with the second serotype?
No
Pathogen evasion can occur through antigenic drift, what does antigenic drift mean?
-Mutations in the viral genome driven by selective pressure as the virus infects a population
Which pathogenic evasion technique is tied to memory erosion?
-Antigenic drift
What pathogenic evasion technique is responsible for viral epidemics?
-Antigenic drift
What pathogenic evasion technique is useful for tracking outbreaks?
-Serotype
Pathogenic evasion can occur through antigenic shift, what does that mean?
-Genetic recombination that leads to significant change in viral antigens
What pathogenic evasion technique is responsible for viral pandemics?
-Antigenic shift
Recombination of avian and human RNA produces a virus that is an example of what pathogenic evasion technique?
-Antigenic shift
T/F Pathogenic evasion can occur through gene conversion
True
Pathogenic evasion occurs through latency, what does that mean?
-A viral dormant state in host tissue
What is an example latency pathogenic evasion?
-Herpes simplex infection
When does recurrent emergence of pathogenic evasion caused by latency occur?
- Stress
- Concurrent infection
- Compromised immunity
Subversion can occur for pathogens to survive, What does endocytic hijacking do?
- Utilize endocytosis for entry
- Prevent lysosome fusion
- Escape phagosomes
- Survive autolysosomal environment
Subversion can occur for pathogens to survive, what type of subversion occurs when adult worms coat themselves in host protein?
-Antigen mimicry
What are four viral strategies for subversion?
- Inhibition of humoral immunity
- Inhibition of inflammatory response
- Blocking of antigen processing and presentation
- Immunosuppression of host
What type of subversion allows for potent toxins that disrupt immune function?
-Super antigens
What are two examples of gram + bacteria that are superantigens?
- Staph. aureus
- Strep. pyogenes
What type of subversion that produce non-specific T cell activation?
-Superantigens
What type of subversion does antibody and complement inactivation?
-Superantigens
What type of immunodeficiency is genetically caused immune system deficiency?
-Primary immunodeficienty
What are three types of primary immunodeficiencies?
- Dominant
- Recessive
- X-linked
What type of immunodeficiency is caused by environment factors?
-Secondary
What are four examples of secondary immunodeficiency?
- Chronic disease
- Immunosuppressive drugs
- HIV (viral)
- Environmental toxins
What is Bruton’s tyrosine kinase carried on the X-chromosome necessary for?
-B cell signalling
If you have BTK on males will they develop B cells?
-No
Do BTK heterozygous females develop B cells?
-Yes sort of they have a 50/50 chance depending on which B cells is inactivated, they have to be homozygous for BTK to not develop B cells at 100%
What class of primary immunodeficiency has reduced or absent serum immunoglobulin?
-Humoral
What class of primary immunodeficiency has impaired B cells, and selective IgA deficiency?
-Humoral
What class of primary immunodeficiency has impaired T cells?
-Cellular
What class of primary immunodeficiency gives a predisposition to viral, fungal, and opportunistic pathogens?
-Cellular
What class of primary immunodeficiency gives deficiencies in both B and T cell function such as SCIDS?
-Combined
What class of primary immunodeficiency has impaired phagocytosis?
-Phagocytic
What class is Chediak-Higashi syndrome an example of?
-Phagocytic
What class is DiGeorge syndrome an example of?
-Cellular
What type of immunodeficiency is HIV?
-Secondary
How is HIV transmitted?
- Blood
- Sexually
What does HIV target?
-CD4 T cells
