1/17/17 Granger Lower Respiratory Tract Infections TEST #1 Flashcards
What are the three parts of the infectious disease triad?
- Host
- Environment
- Pathogen
What is virulence?
-The ability to cause disease
What does diagnosis of pneumonia require?
-Chest x-ray showing parenchymal infiltrates
Typical Acute pneumonia is acquired how?
-Community-acquired
What does the onset of typical acute pneumonia look like?
- Chills
- Fever
- Wet cough
How is typical acute pneumonia measured?
-Hours to days
In acute pneumonia what happens when the pleura are involved?
-Chest pain with inspiration
What is the pathogenesis of typical acute pneumonia?
-Upper respiratory tract colonizing bacteria (most often Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Is virulence high or low in typical acute pneumonia?
-High
What type of gram pneumonia is uncommon?
-Gram -
Who do you typically see viral pneumonia in?
- Children
- Individuals during influenza epidemics
What are the four etiologies of community acquired pneumonia?
- Pneumococcus (most common)
- Haemophilus (largely disappeared)
- Gram -
- Viral pneumonia
With pneumonia what happens in the lung?
-Neutrophils fill in the space causing lobar pneumonia
Lung hepatization
What are three types of atypical acute pneumonia?
- Walking pneumonia
- Environmentally acquired acute pneumonias
What causes walking pneumonia?
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
What are three environmentally acquired acute pneumonias?
- Legionella pneumophilia
- Coxiella burnetii
- Chlamydophila psittaci
What causes aspiration pneumonia?
-Oropharyngeal bacteria aspirated into the lungs
Actinomyces are aerobic or anaerobic?
-anaerobic
What do you use to treat pulmonary actinomycosis?
-Penicillin IV then PO or clindamycin for 6 -12 months
What are four major causes of viral pneumonia?
- Human respiratory viruses
- Hantavirus
- Coronavirus
- Bacterial pneumonia with the wake of influenza
What are three complications of acute bacterial pneumonia?
- Necrotizing pneumonitits
- Lung abscess
- Empyema
What is empyema?
-spread of infection into potential space between parietal and visceral pleura
How is chronic pneumonia measured?
-Weeks to months
What does chronic pneumonia require?
-Diagnosis via bronchoscopy or lung biopsy
T/F
There is empirical treatment for chronic pneumonia.
False
There is empirical treatment for acute but not for chronic
How do you manage acute pneumonia?
-Empirical treatments
What do nodules in the lungs indicate?
-Chronic pneumoniae
